我国公路交通气象灾害风险隐患特征分析

利用2013-2015年全国主要公路交通气象灾害风险普查数据,通过整理和统计分析,得出我国公路交通气象灾害风险隐患点的分布情况、风险隐患点周围的地质和交通状况以及主要气象灾害及其引发的交通事故的分布特征。研究结果表明,①我国公路交通气象灾害风险隐患点总体分布广泛,西南地区、中东地区的风险隐患点数量较多。②强降雨、大雾、路面结冰、公路积雪和团雾是影响我国公路交通的主要气象灾害,占普查总数的86.6%,其中,由强降雨引发的交通事故数量最多;不同区域的主要气象灾害存在明显差异。③从季节特征来看,夏、冬两季,因气象灾害和次生、衍生灾害引发交通事故数较多;1d之中,02:00-05:00为事故易发时段。研究成果可为摸清我国公路交通气象灾害状况、改进交通气象保障服务、降低交通气象灾害风险等提供参考依据。

Analysis of the Risk Characteristics of Highway Traffic Meteorological Disasters in China

Based on the survey data of meteorological disaster risks of major highways in China from 2013 to 2015, and through collation and statistical analysis, the distribution of the risk and hidden danger points of highway traffic meteorological disasters in China, the geological and traffic conditions around the risk and hidden danger points, and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of major meteorological disasters are obtained. The results show that ①The risk hidden danger points of highway traffic meteorological disasters are widely distributed in China, and there are a large number of them in southwest China and the Middle East.②Heavy rainfall, fog, road icing, road snow and fog are the main meteorological disasters affecting the highway traffic in China, accounting for 86.6 percent of the total. The number of traffic accidents caused by heavy rainfall is the largest.③From the perspective of seasonal characteristics, there are more traffic accidents caused by meteorological disasters in summer and winter. During the day, accidents are most likely to occur between 2 and 5 a.m. The research results of this paper can provide references for understanding the situation of traffic meteorological disasters in China, improving the service of traffic meteorological service, and reducing the risk of traffic meteorological disasters.