中国大陆地震灾害生命损失时空特征分析

以1966-2016年中国大陆地震灾害生命损失数据为研究对象,基于GIS平台定量分析中国大陆地震灾害生命损失时空分布特征。研究结果表明:(1)中国大陆造成生命损失的地震次数为143次,占成灾地震(有经济损失或人员伤亡的地震)的25%。成灾地震平均每年发生9. 45次,而造成人员死亡的地震平均每年发生2. 38次。(2)中国大陆致死性地震造成的死亡人数突出,重特大地震对累计地震死亡人数作用明显,地震灾害生命损失呈高度集中的特点。(3)中国大陆地震灾害分布广,大陆31个省市自治区中28个省份发生过成灾地震,因地震导致有人员死亡的省份有18个,其中河北省、四川省、云南省因地震灾害导致的累计人员死亡占全国的比例高达90%。地震灾害总体呈现中小地震在多震省份生命损失较小,在少震省份生命损失反而较大。(4)50年中国大陆地震灾害累计人员死亡高达34. 66万人,其中城市直下型地震贡献率高达71%。(5)地震灾害生命损失分布受人口密度影响显著,以人口分界线"胡焕庸线"为界,呈现东高西低,与地震发生频次相反。

Analysis of Temporal-spatial Distribution of Life Losses Caused by Earthquake Hazards in Chinese Mainland

Based on the historical data of life losses caused by earthquake hazards Chinese mainland from 1966 to 2016, based on the GIS platform and using mathematical statistics, a database on the life-loss of earthquake-disaster was established, and the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of life losses in Chinese mainland were quantitatively calculated. The results show that:(1)The number of earthquakes that caused loss of life in China's Mainland was 143 times, accounting for 25% of the earthquake disasters (earthquake with economic losses or casualties). Earthquake disasters occur on average 9.45 times per year, and the number of earthquakes causing human deaths averages 2.38 times per year;(2) The number of deaths caused by fatal earthquakes in China's Mainland is outstanding. The massive earthquakes have a significant effect on the cumulative number of earthquake deaths. The loss of life from earthquakes is highly concentrated.(3) Earthquakes in China have been widely distributed. In the 28 provinces of 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China, there have been earthquake disasters, and 18 provinces have died due to earthquakes, In Hebei, Sichuan and Yunnan Province, the cumulative number of deaths caused by earthquake disasters accounted for 90% of the country s total. The overall presentation of small and medium earthquakes in the more earthquake-prone provinces has a smaller loss of life, and in the less earthquake-prone provinces the loss of life is rather large;(4) In the past 50 years, the cumulative number of earthquake victims in China s mainland reached 346,600, of which the contribution rate of urban direct earthquakes was as high as 71%.(5) The distribution of life loss of earthquake disasters is significantly affected by the population density. It is bounded by the demarcation line Hu Huanyong Line, which shows that the east is high and the west is low, which is contrary to the frequency of earthquakes.