| 城市化背景下洪涝灾害新特点及其形成机理 |
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| 引用本文： | 李超超,程晓陶,申若竹,刘祺超.城市化背景下洪涝灾害新特点及其形成机理[J].灾害学,2019(2):57-62. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李超超 程晓陶 申若竹 刘祺超 |
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| 作者单位： | 宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院;中国水利水电科学研究院;北京首创股份有限公司 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学青年基金项目(51809143);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2018AAC03041);固原海绵城市建设及运营关键技术研究(SCHM-2018) |
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| 摘 要： | 在快速城市化背景下,洪涝灾害的孕发机制、成灾机理、损失构成与影响范围等特征均发生了显著的变化。对洪涝灾害新变化的研究有助于发现问题的根本,有的放矢地解决问题。快速城市化背景下洪涝灾害的新特点包括:水文特征的变异性、洪涝灾害的连锁性与洪灾损失的突变性。该文分析了快速城市化对水文特征的影响,识别了洪涝灾害链的内部关系和关键环节,绘制了洪涝灾害连锁性关系图,以历史典型灾害数据为论据,论证了洪灾损失突变性特点。基于洪涝灾害系统理论,阐明了水文特征变异性、洪涝灾害连锁性与洪灾损失突变性及其形成机理。揭示城市化背景下洪涝灾害新特点及其形成机理,对于合理把握快速城市化背景下洪涝风险的演变趋势,既有理论指导价值,又有减灾实践意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 城市化 洪涝灾害 变异性 连锁性 突变性 |
New Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Flood and Waterlogging Disasters in the Context of Rapid Urbanization |
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| LI Chaochao,CHENG Xiaotao,SHEN Ruozhu,LIU Qichao.New Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Flood and Waterlogging Disasters in the Context of Rapid Urbanization[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2019(2):57-62. |
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| Authors: | LI Chaochao CHENG Xiaotao SHEN Ruozhu LIU Qichao |
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| Institution: | (College of Civil Engineering and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan.750021,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Beijing Capital Co.,LTD,Beijing 100044,China) |
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| Abstract: | In the context of rapid urbanization,the characteristics of flood and waterlogging disaster such as mechanism,loss composition and affected area have remarkably changed.New features of urban flood and waterlogging disaster are summarized,including hydrological features variability,knock-on effect and flood damage mutability.The impact of urbanization on hydrology and hydraulic characteristics is analyzed,internal relations and key links of urban flood disaster chain are identified,and the chain network of urban flood and waterlogging disaster is drawn.The mutability of flood loss is demonstrated according to the historical flood data.On the basis of natural hazard system theory,the new features of urban flood and their formation mechanism are expounded.The study on the new characteristics and formation mechanism of flood and waterlogging disasters has both theoretical guiding value and practical significance for reasonably grasping the evolution trend of flood and waterlogging risk under the background of rapid urbanization. |
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| Keywords: | urbanization flood and waterlogging disaster variability knock-on effect flood damage muta-bility |
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