溢油污染物在栉孔扇贝不同组织的富集特异性及生物放大效应的初步研究

本文采用半静态暴露实验法,研究了栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)的不同组织对船舶常用燃料油0#柴油分散液和乳化液的富集及其在食物链传递过程中的生物放大效应。结果表明:(1)在不同浓度柴油分散液和柴油乳化液中,扇贝暴露8 d后不同软组织对柴油的生物富集系数BCF均表现为鳃(889.40～127.92 mL·g~(-1)、830.80～123.43 mL·g~(-1))内脏团(293.80～58.46 mL·g~(-1)、184.00～130.53 mL·g~(-1))肌肉(147.60～39.68 mL·g~(-1)、149.80～62.40 mL·g~(-1)),腮和内脏对石油的富集能力强于肌肉,各组织对柴油分散液的富集能力强于柴油乳化液;(2)用石油烃(TPH)浓度分别为1.74×10~(-10)mg·cell~(-1)、4.44×10~(-10)mg·cell~(-1)的三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin)喂养扇贝后,扇贝体内石油烃(TPH)浓度随时间的延长和藻体浓度的上升都表现出增加的趋势,到第8天实验结束时扇贝体内TPH浓度达到7.79 mg·kg~(-1)和9.61 mg·kg~(-1),表明TPH通过浮游植物的摄食在扇贝体内造成累积,通过食物链进行了传递。

Preliminary Study on Biological Amplification Effect and the Enrichment Specificity of Oil-spill Pollutants in Different Tissues of Chlamys Farreri

The paper studied the enrichment characteristic of No.0 diesel dispersion and emulsion in different tissues of Chlamys farreri as well as the biological amplification effect of oil-spill pollutants in food chain using the semi-static bioassay. The results showed that: (1) the bioaccumulation coefficients (BCF) exposed under different concentrations of diesel dispersions and emulsions in different tissues such as branchia, visceral mass and muscle were 889.40-127.92 mL g^-1, 830.80-123.43 mL g^-1, 293.80-58.46 mL g^-1, 184.00-130.53 mL g^-1 and 147.60-39.68 mL g^-1, 149.80-62.40 mL g^-1, respectively. The enrichment for diesel dispersion are higher than those of diesel emulsion; (2) After feeding scallops with Phaeodactylum tricornutum with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of 1.74×10^-10 mg cell^-1 and 4.44×10^-10 mg cell^-1. The concentration of TPH in scallops showed an increasing trend when time or the concentration of algae increased. By the end of the experiment (on the 8th day), the concentration of TPH in scallops reached 7.79 mg kg^-1 and 9.61 mg kg^-1, respectively. It is shown that through feeding process, TPH are accumulated in scallops. As a result, TPH can be transferred through the food chain.