人工湿地处理含盐生活污水的特性研究

将人工湿地应用于含盐生活污水处理,在0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%等不同进水NaCl盐度水平下,研究了进水盐度对人工湿地运行效果及基质微生物数量和酶活性的影响,结果表明,当进水盐度在1.5%及以下时,人工湿地运行受盐度的影响较小,对COD的去除率保持在68.3%以上,对NH4+-N的去除率保持在66.1%以上.当进水盐度达到2.0%,人工湿地基质中细菌、真菌、放线菌和硝化细菌的数量明显减少,基质脲酶、纤维素酶活性也相应下降,导致人工湿地对污染物的去除率也随之下降,其中COD去除率降低至52.9%,NH4+-N去除率降低至50.3%.实验进一步研究了在1.5%进水盐度下人工湿地的水力条件对净化效果的影响.结果表明,相对于有机物,氮的去除受HRT的影响更大,当人工湿地的HRT由3～5 d降低至2 d时,NH4+-N的去除率从65.1%～78.2%降至47.1%.

Treatment Characteristics of Saline Domestic Wastewater by Constructed Wetland

A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using constructed wetland (CW) to remove pollutants from saline domestic sewage. The experimental results indicated that the effects of salinity on the contaminant removal were insignificant when the influent salinities of the CWs were less than or equal to 1.5%. For the influent salinity of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%, the average removal rates of the CWs were found to be above 68.3% for COD and above 66.1% for NH₄⁺-N. When the influent salinity was increased to 2.0%, the individual numbers of microorganisms in the CW reduced obviously. It was similar to the change of the soil enzyme activity in the CW. Then the removal efficiency of the CW also dropped significantly. The average removal rate of COD and NH₄⁺-N dropped to 52.9% and 50.3%, respectively. The effects of HRT on the treatment performance of CW under the saline condition of 1.5% were also investigated in this study. And the results showed that nitrogen removal was more greatly affected by HRT than organic matter removal. The NH₄⁺-N removal efficiency in CW decreased from 65.1%-78.2% to 47.1% when the HRT of the CW varied from 3-5 d to 2 d.