土壤种子库研究方法评述

土壤种子库（soil seed bank，SSB）是指存在于土壤表面和土壤中的全部存活种子的总和。开展对土壤种子库的研究，对于分析了解过去地上植被植物群落和预示未来植被发展方向具有重要的指导意义，而对于土壤种子库研究方法的探讨则是开展土壤种子库基础实验研究的基础和支撑。本文从土壤种子库的取样时间、取样方法、取样大小和数量、鉴定方法四个方面归纳了土壤种子库的研究方法，理论分析了同位素应用于土壤种子库中种子年龄结构测定的可行性，以及植冠种子库的研究方法，并探讨了提高土壤种子库中种子萌发率的新方法。综合分析来看：（1）土壤种子库的取样时间、取样方法、取样大小和数量、鉴定方法是土壤种子库研究方法需要关注的四大关键问题，对土壤种子库的实验结果具有显著的直接影响。不同的取样时间代表的土壤种子库的内容和意义不同，取样方法、大小和数量则应根据研究区和研究内容来确定，鉴定方法也应根据具体实验区研究的物种数来考量；（2）理论上在利用同位素来测定土壤种子库中种子年龄结构是可行的，但若想广泛应用于实验中仍需进一步的深入研究；（3）目前对植冠种子库的研究方法也仅仅局限于直接计数法和间接计数法，对植冠种子库的研究方法的探讨则急需加强；（4）同时总结和提出了4种提高土壤种子库中种子萌发率的方法，未来在利用种子萌发法时，应加强注意和应用这4种方法来测定土壤种子库。

Review of research methods of soil seed bank

Soil seed bank （SSB） includes all living seeds existing in both litter and soil. Studies on SSB has important guiding significance for better understanding the past aboveground vegetation communities and predicting the future vegetation communities development, while studies on methods of SSB provide foundation and support for basic experimental research. In this paper, we summarized the research SSB methods from the SSB sampling time, sampling methods, sample size and the number of statistical methods in four areas, the application of stable isotope in the seed age structure of the SSB, and the research method of canopy seed bank, and the new method in improving SSB germination rate. Our comprehensive analysis were as follows：（1）Four key issues on soil including seed bank sampling time, sampling methods, sample size and number of identification methods of SSB research methods needed to be focused on, which had a significant direct impact on the experimental results of SSB. Different sampling time represented the content of the SSB, and significance of different sampling methods should be based on the size and number of research areas, and research on determining the specific identification method should be based on the number of species studied experimental area to consider;（2）the application of isotope in the seed age structure of the SSB in theory was feasible, but it needed further study in experiment; （3）current canopy seed bank research methods was confined to direct counting method and indirect counting method, the research methods on the canopy seed bank needed to be improved; （4）four methods in improving seed germination of SSB were summarized and presented people should pay attention to and strengthen the application of these four kinds of methods to measure SSB in using seed germination in the future.