农田土壤重金属污染状况及修复技术研究

重金属污染因具有毒性、易通过食物链在植物，动物和人体内累积，对生态环境和人体健康构成严重威胁。随着工业快速发展、农药及化肥的广泛使用，农田土壤重金属污染越来越严重，研究农田土壤重金属污染现状及修复技术对农产品安全具有重要意义。综合国内外农田土壤重金属污染状况，农田土壤重金属污染主要来源于固体废弃物堆放及处置、工业废物大气沉降、污水农灌和农用物质的不合理施用。该文综述了国内外有关农田重金属污染土壤修复技术（物理修复、化学修复、生物修复、农业生态和联合修复）的研究进展，并针对各种修复方法，阐述了其原理、修复条件、应用实例及其优缺点，重点论述了植物修复的机理和应用，提出了草本与木本联合修复可有效提高农田土壤重金属复合污染的修复效率，为农田土壤土壤重金属复合污染修复提出了新的途径。最后在对已有研究分析的基础上，提出了联合修复技术（如生物联合技术、物理化学联合技术和物理化学-生物联合技术）可以在一定程度上克服使用单一修复手段存在的缺点，可提高复合污染的修复效率、降低修复成本，未来应深入探索联合修复技术间的相互作用机理，以期为农田土壤重金属综合治理与污染修复提供科学依据。

Review on contamination and remediation technology of heavy metal in agricultural soil

Heavy-metal pollution represents an important environmental problem due to the toxic effects of metals, and their accumulation throughout the food chain leads to serious ecological and health problems. As the wide use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and rapid industrialization, more and more agricultural soils were polluted by heavy metals （HMs）. It is great important to make researches on the status and remediation technologies of agricultural soil heavy metal pollution, which contributes to improving the safety of agricultural products. Disposal of solid waste, deposition of air-borne industrial wastes, sewage irrigation and the growing unreasonable use of agricultural chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers were the sources of HMs contamination of agricultural soil. The current researches and application situations of remediation technologies, including physical and chemical, biological, ecological agriculture and combined remediation technology, which were reviewed at home and abroad. This review focuses on the principle, remediation conditions, application examples, and merits or demerits of the various remediation methods. Great emphasis was laid on the discussion of the mechanism and application of phytoremediation. The combined remediation technology of herb and xylophyta, which had high remediation efficiency, would be a new way for remediation the compound HMs pollution. Finally, based on the analysis of existing researches, the combined remediation technology, such as co-biological, physical-chemical, physical-chemical and biological combined technology, which could overcome the disadvantages of single method, enhancing the remediation efficiency and costing reasonable. As the above concluded, in the future it should further research on the interaction mechanism among the combined remediation technology, to provide the scientific basis for the comprehensive management and remediation on agricultural soil of heavy metal pollution.