A life cycle based method to minimise environmental impact of dairy production through product sequencing |
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| Institution: | 1. Environmental Systems Analysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden;2. SIK AB, The Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 5401, SE-402 29 Göteborg, Sweden;1. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy;2. Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark;3. Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding – Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24118 Kiel, Germany;1. ADEME, Angers F-49000, France;2. SAS, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes 35000, France;3. SMART, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes 35000, France;1. INRA, Vetagro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France;2. INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1069 SAS, F-35000 Rennes Cedex, France;3. INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France;4. INRA, Experimental farm, UE326, Le Pin-au-Haras, Borculo, F-61310 Exmes, France;5. Valorex, La Messayais, F-35210 Combourtillé, France;1. Sostenipra Research Group, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;2. Inèdit Innovació s.l. Research Park of UAB, UAB Campus, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;3. Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), 25198 Lleida, Spain;4. Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), 08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain;1. Institute of Agronomy, Genetics and Field Crops, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;2. STU Unit, JRC-IET – European Commission, Westerduinweg 3, 1755LE Petten, The Netherlands;3. ENEA–Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, Italy;1. CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The trend of increasing the number of dairy products for sale affects their environmental impact in a life cycle perspective. During dairy processing, the production schedule is affected by more frequent product changes, hence also cleaning operations. This causes more milk waste, use of cleaning agents and water. The amount of milk waste depends on the product change technique used, which is determined by the characteristics of the product. A method was designed to calculate the sequence, which, for a given set of yoghurt products, minimises milk waste. A heuristic method, based on the strive to minimise production waste combined with production rules, was worked out. To determine whether the heuristic solution gives the best possible sequence from an environmental perspective, an optimisation was also made. The analytical method used for optimisation was able to handle 21 products and verified the heuristic method for a waste minimised sequence up to that level. It is also highly probable that for sequences including a greater number of items waste can be minimised with the same heuristic method. A successful demonstration of the possibility to make a more complete environmental assessment was fulfilled by connecting the sequencing model to conventional life cycle assessment methodology. |
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