塔里木内陆河流域生态环境脆弱性分析

塔里木内陆河流域的气候条件,尤其是水热条件和地貌特征是植被生态、土壤环境及水环境形成与分异最主要的控制性因素。几大环境要素之间相互联系、相互制约形成塔河流域生态环境时空分布的差异性,并表现出不同程度的脆弱性特征。总体表现为以荒漠化为主体的生态环境问题日益加剧,而具体表现为土地沙漠化、土壤盐渍化、草场退化、生物多样性丧失等。从恢复生态学的观点出发,应运用RS及GIS等新技术手段,监测生态环境变化,探索维持生态系统稳定性的机制。

Fragility of the Ecological Environment in Tarim River Basin

In the Tarim River Basin the climate conditions, especially the water and heat conditions, and the geomorphic characteristics are the predominant controlling factors in the formation and differentiation of its vegetative ecology, soil environment and water environment. The interrelationship and inter restriction of major environmental elements lead to differences in spatial and temporal distribution of the ecological environment in the Tarim River Basin, which shows different degrees of fragility. The general manifestation is in the form of a desertification dominated ecological environmental problem that is deteriorating with each passing day and embodied in land desertification, soil salinization, grassland degradation, and loss in biodiversity. It is advised to apply RS, GIS and other hi tech means in monitoring changes in the ecological environment and to explore mechanisms for maintaining stability of the ecological system.