若尔盖高原沼泽生态环境及其合理开发的研究

若尔盖高原位于青藏高原的东北隅,西临巴颜喀拉山,东抵岷山,北起西倾山,南至邛崃山,是一块完整的丘状高原,也是我国最大的泥炭沼泽分布区之一。本文所述的范围包括若尔盖、红原、阿坝和玛曲等四县,流域上属黄河水系,泥炭沼泽面积达4600余km²。其中若尔盖和红原两县的泥炭沼泽,在60年代曾做过调查,70年代,地质部门在水文勘探中也曾对这里的泥炭沼泽有所研究。为进一步研究本区的生态环境和自然资源,1982年起,我们在横断山沼泽泥炭调查中,又对上述四个县连续进行了四年泥炭沼泽考察。本文是这次考察总结的一部分。

A STUDY OF ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AND RATIONAL EXPLOITATION OF THE MIRES IN RUOERGA1 PLATEAU

The Ruoergai Plateau is the largest distribution area of peatland in China, various natural features, such as, relatively depressed lands during the Quaternary, Geomorphic features of wide Valley and mild hilly land as well as cool and humis climate. Provided a good condition for development of mires and peat accumulation, and therefore a particular ecological environment of upland mires was formed. The main type of mires is the waterlogged peat land on the wide valley with rare species of helophytes and many birds and few beasts, hence it formed a specific landscape. The grassland of mires in the region is a good grazing land and peat is an impro-tant resource. Both area of distribution is about the same over 4600 km²; and storage capacity of peat which is the first place in China is reached to 76 × 10⁸m³ and has an improtant value for exploitation. The exploitation of mires and peat resource must follow the principle of pursuing ecological and economic benefits.At present, there is an indication that the Ecological environment trends to be worse, for example, the environment is in danger of being desert, and therefore attention is must paid to-that.The large scale drainage of in ire is not suitable in this region and the extablishment of ecological mire conservancy area is urgemly needed. The Potential of peat exploitation which is of importance in local economy is vary great and the principle of comprehensive exploitation and utilization of the resource combined with conservation is must followed.