危险品道路运输风险评价与优化选线的研究进展

危险品道路运输的风险评价与优化选线是对其进行安全管理与科学化决策的基础和重要依据,也是减少危险品运输事故概率与降低运输沿线影响人员风险的重要措施.通过对国内外危险品道路运输风险评价与优化选线研究以及相关技术与软件的发展状况进行详细评述,总结了常用的风险评价模型、选线标准以及优化选线方法,并给出了一些国家的个人风险和单位运输距离(通常为1 km)社会风险的可接受标准.最后,对我国的危险品道路运输安全管理提出了对策与建议.

Progress of risk assessment and optical routing for hazardous materials transportation by road

The paper aims to present a comprehensive review on the research advances in hazardous materials, or short for hazmats transportation risk assessment both at home and abroad as well as the optimal route-choosing in detail. At the same time, it also gives a commentary on the risks associated such activities as well as difficulties involving the optimal route-choice. As is well-known, it has become an important theoretical and scientific hard nut to ensure the righteous decision-making and safety management in transporting hazmats in the new stage. Most existing risk assessment approaches to the hazmats transportation have been studied and analyzed in the qualitative and quantitative risk ways. According to correlative literatures and documents, there doesn't seem to be any agreement on how to engage in such transportation practice. Moreover, the common routing criteria and optimization methods on hazmats transportation are summed up and then are categorized into five classes: exposure population risk, road characteristic features, environment risk, transportation cost and other criteria involved. Furthermore, the acceptable risk criteria of individual risk and the institutional societal risk for hazmats storage and transportation have been depicted and illuminated in the paper. And, finally, some important challenges for future research focuses involving hazmats transportation have also been put forward.