辽宁省西部和沈阳地区河水及地下水中溴的分布与污染特征

利用HPLC-ICP-MS方法分析辽宁省西部河水及其沿岸地下水中溴化物、溴酸盐的含量,调查了溴化物、溴酸盐的污染现状.结果表明,大凌河和小凌河河水中总溴浓度范围20.5-364μg·l~(-1),和总氯浓度呈良好相关关系,由回归方程得到的Br/Cl比值分别为2.91和0.83μg·mg~(-1).大凌河该比值在雨水的范围之内,而小凌河该比值则町能受到岩盐溶解的部分影响.大凌河和小凌河河水中溴与氯浓度的相关性与自然界观察到的天然比值范围足相符合的,表明河水未受到溴的污染.细河河水和地下水总溴浓度范围26.6-4070μg·l~(-1),平均浓度1584μg·l~(-1),Br/Cl比值范围2.73-25.2 μg·mg~(-1).细河河水和地下水中的溴浓度明显高于浑河、蒲河和沈抚灌渠,平均Br/Cl比值高达12μg·mg~(-1),远非降水来源所能解释.细河浅层地下水中溴酸盐被检出的浓度存在两处超标情况,分别为31和15μg·l~(-1).浅层地下水中高溴离子浓度和具有强烈毒理效应的溴酸盐的存在对该地区生态系统和人类健康具有潜在负面影响.

DISTRIBUTION AND CONTAMINATION CHARACTERISTICS OF BROMINE IN SURFACE WATER AND GROUND WATER FROM THE WESTERN LIAONING AND SHENYANG AREA

Concentrations of bromide and bromate in water samples collected from western rivers and ground water of Liaoning province were analyzed by HPLC-ICP-MS. The total bromine from the Daling River and the Xiaoling River ranged from 20. 5 to 364 μg ·l~(-1). There was good correlation between the total bromine and the total chlorine in water from the Daling River and the Xiaoling River, and the ratio of Br/Cl calculated from the linear regression was 2. 91 and 0.83 μg · mg~(-1), respectively, which means that the ratio for the Daling River is within the range of rainwaterS, and the ratio for the Xiaoling River may be partly influenced by rock salt dissolation. The correlationship between Br and Cl concentration from the two rivers was in accordance with the range of observed natural ratios, demonstrating that the rivers have not been polluted by bromine. The total bromine from the Xi River ranged from 26.6 to 4070 μg ·l~(-1), averaging 1584 μg ·l~(-1). The ratio of Br/Cl ranged from 2.73 to 25.2 μg · mg~(-1). The bromine concentration of Xi river and ground water was significantly higher than that of Hun River, Pu River and ShenFu irrigation channel with areraging Br/Cl ration of 12 μg · mg~(-1). Some concentrations of bromate were above the standard in shallow ground water of Xi River, such as 31 and 15 μg ·l~(-1). The high concentration of bromide ion and strong toxicological effects of bromate in shallow ground water might pose a potential risk to ecosystem and human health in the region.