广州市宾馆室内空气中苯系物来源及健康风险初步评估

选择广州市20家不同星级的宾馆,用不锈钢采样罐采集客房空气样品,并用预浓缩-气相色谱/质谱联用系统检测.宾馆客房空气中8种苯系物的总浓度平均值为273.1μg/m3,范围为2.3~1058μg/m3.苯,甲苯,乙苯和二甲苯平均值分别为22.9,151.6,46.4和60.5μg/m3.苯平均值变动范围为0.7~72.2μg/m3,均低于我国室内空气质量标准GB/T 18883-2002的限值,但初步计算表明苯暴露对宾馆工作人员和经常入住人群的致癌风险超过1′10-6.甲苯平均浓度范围为1.4~841μg/m3,按我国空气质量标准超标率为24%.宾馆苯系物浓度与星级和装修时间没有显著相关性,一些最近期装修的宾馆可能因采用环保装修材料,苯系物浓度反而相对较低.苯系物浓度最高的数个宾馆装修时间2~5a,其苯与甲苯浓度比值(B/T)都比较低,苯系物来源以室内释放为主.虽然因通风原因宾馆客房苯系物浓度受所处地段室外空气质量影响,但我们的研究表明降低宾馆客房内苯系物水平的最关键因素是采用环保的室内装修材料和产品.

Sources and health risk assessment of aromatic hydrocarbons in the indoor of Guangzhou hotels

With stainless-steel canisters, indoor air samples were taken from guestrooms of 20 different hotels in Guangzhou. The aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) levels of these samples were later analyzed by a gas chromatography-mass selective detector (GC-MSD) coupled with a pre-concentrator. Total concentrations of eight AHs, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m/p-xylene, styrene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, averaged 273.1 μg/m3 and ranged 2.3~1058μg/m3. Average levels of Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in rooms of the 20 hotels were 22.9, 151.6, 46.4 and 60.5μg/m3, respectively. Average benzene levels ranged 0.7~72.2μg/m3, all below the guideline level set in China’s Indoor Air Quality Standard (GB/T 18883-2002). However, its cancer risks for hotel room-keeping workers and frequent dwellers were higher than 1′10-6. Average toluene levels ranged 1.4~841μg/m3, with 24% exceeding the GB/T 18883-2002 guideline level. No significant relationships were found between indoor AHs levels and hotels’ star ranks or time intervals after its latest decorations. Some most recently renovated hotels had relatively lower AHs levels probably due to the usage of environment friendly materials and products. As for the hotels the highest indoor AHs levels, focused on those had the last decoration occurred 2~5 years ago, and in the meantime reflected a rather low benzene to toluene ratios (B/T), suggesting that indoor emission as the major AHs source. Though outdoor air quality can impact indoor AHs levels in hotels via ventilation, our results indicated that the most important factor to lower indoor AHs levels of the hotel guestrooms was to use environment friendly materials and products for the decoration or renovation.