典型地铁火灾场景中烟气蔓延与控制研究

地铁是现代化的城市轨道交通工具,承担着越来越重要的大客流运输任务,是城市现代化程度的重要指标。随着城市地铁的迅速发展,作为人流密集的公众聚集场所且处于地下的空间,地铁灾害问题愈来愈引起人们的重视。近年来,地铁火灾成为火灾科学界研究的热点。本文针对地铁火灾的特点,设计特定情况下的地铁火灾场景,利用FDS模拟地铁车站的三维烟气流场,对地铁车站火灾烟气的蔓延情况及烟气控制系统对烟气的控制效果进行了研究,通过分析烟气蔓延的过程和特点,得出了无机械送排风或无挡烟装置难以保证人员从站台层向站厅层安全疏散,特别是当站台中部发生火灾时,只有机械送排风和挡烟设施配合使用才可以有效地控制烟气和温度的研究结论。旨在对有效防控地铁火灾和人员疏散的研究提供一定参考。

Study on smoke propagation and control of a typical fire scenario in the subway

Subway is a modern urban rail transport.Subway system,which has undertaken greater task of passenger transportation than ever before,becomes an important symbol of urbanization.With the rapid development of subway system,subway disasters attach people＇s attention more and more because it is crowded places and the space in the underground.In recent years,subway fire had been more and more focused in fire field.In accordance with the characteristics of the subway fire,the specific circumstances of the subway fire scene were designed.Three dimensional numerical simulation of smoke flow and heat transfer process during the fire in a subway station was carried out by fire simulation software FDS,and the results were analyzed.A predictive analysis on the smoke distribution and air flow during a fire in accordance with the smoke suppression and exhaust system installed in the public area of the station was conducted,and it was pointed out that the reliability of the smoke suppression and exhaust system is most important to guarantee the capability of passenger evacuation during a fire.Without smoke management system,the safety evacuation from the platform to the station hall can not be ensured,especially when fire happens in the middle part of the platform.The purpose of this article is to provide some references for its advanced research.