人员非均匀分布条件下的疏散引导方向优化算法研究

在紧急疏散中,疏散引导标识或疏散引导人能够帮助人员快速找到最近出口,有效减少疏散时间。疏散引导标识或人的引导方向一般是根据建筑布局情况预先进行设计,当前位置的引导方向指向最近的疏散出口。本文综合考虑了建筑布局及人员分布情况,提出了人员非均匀分布条件下的疏散引导方向优化算法。该算法以Togawa疏散时间经验公式作为估价函数,通过多次迭代的方法,求解疏散引导方向的优化值。以双出口的疏散场景为例,利用疏散软件Legion对优化前后疏散引导方向下的疏散时间进行了比较分析。结果表明,优化后的疏散引导方向能够引导人员充分利用疏散出口,疏散时间较仅考虑建筑布局所设计的疏散引导方向的模拟值降低了近四分之一,大大提高了疏散效率。

Study of optimization algorithm for evacuation guidance direction with non-uniform pedestrian distribution

During the emergency evacuation,exit signs or evacuation leader can help the pedestrians to find the nearest exit rapidly and contribute to reduce evacuation time effectively.The guidance direction of the exit signs or evacuation leader is usually designed on basis of the building layout and point to the nearest exit.Considering the building layout and the pedestrian distribution,this paper proposes an optimization algorithm for the evacuation guidance direction under the condition of non-uniform pedestrian distribution.Togawa＇s Empirical Formula is considered as evaluation function of the algorithm.The optimization value of the guidance direction is solved by iteration method.Using the evacuation simulation software Legion,we compare the evacuation times before and after the optimization of guidance direction with an evacuation scenario of a two-door square room.It is shown that the optimized evacuation direction makes full use of exits for the pedestrians.In contrast to the traditional algorithm of the guidance direction which is only relative to the building layout,the evacuation time reduces by nearly a quarter by use of the optimization algorithm which considers both building layout and pedestrian distribution.