固体和液体危险化学品仓库火灾风险分析方法探讨

固体和液体化学品仓库火灾是企业安全面临的经常性威胁之一,需考虑火灾中毒性燃烧产物释放和非燃烧产生的毒性物质释放。结合火灾风险分析方法,阐述火灾场景中各要素及相互关系,主要包括火灾场景、物质、燃烧速率、源项、毒性、扩散、概率和风险之间的关系,火灾场景考虑持续时间、面积和通风率的影响,物质中考虑平均结构式和燃烧方程,源项中考虑形成的产物、燃烧物质每千克的散发和活性物质百分比,毒性中考虑HCl,NO2,SO2和非燃烧产生的物质。基于储存物质平均结构式,建立燃烧关系方程。燃烧速率计算取决于可用的氧气量和需要的氧气量,分为面积受限的燃烧速率和氧气受限的燃烧速率。最后给出毒性燃烧产物HCl,NO2,SO2释放量和非燃烧产生的毒性物质释放量的计算方法,同时以毒性燃烧产物释放场景后果模拟为例说明仓库发生火灾的后果严重性,为仓库火灾风险分析提供借鉴。

Discuss of fire risk analysis methods of solid and liquid hazardous chemicals warehouse

Solid and liquid hazardous chemicals warehouse fire is one of the major hazards in the enterprise.It needs to consider the release of toxic combustion products and non-combusted toxic products.Combined with fire risk analysis method,it describes the correlation of each element in the fire scenario,and mainly includes the relation of fire scenario,substances,burn rate,source term,toxicity,dispersion,probability and risk.Fire scenario is defined by duration,area and ventilation rate.Substances consider average structure formula and burn rate.Source term considers products formed,emissions per kg substance burned and % active substance.Toxicity considers HCl,NO2,SO2 and non-combusted substance.It sets up the combustion equation based on average structure formula of stored materials.The burn rate calculation which depends on the amount of oxygen available and the amount of oxygen required,can be classified the burn rate of area restricted and oxygen restricted.Finally,the release calculation methods of toxic combustion products HCl,NO2,SO2 and non-combusted toxic products are given.An example of the release scenario simulation of toxic combustion products shows the severity of warehouse fire.All of these above provide the reference for warehouse fire risk analysis.