Epibrassinolide ameliorates Cr (VI) stress via influencing the levels of indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, polyamines and antioxidant system of radish seedlings |
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Authors: | Choudhary Sikander Pal Kanwar Mukesh Bhardwaj Renu Gupta B D Gupta R K |
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Institution: | a Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu 180 003, India b Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India c Natural Product Chemistry, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 003, India |
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Abstract: | The present investigation determined the effects of epibrassinolide (EBL) on the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and polyamine (PA) and antioxidant potential of 7-d old Raphanus sativus L. cv. ‘Pusa chetki’ seedlings grown under Cr (VI) metal stress. Reduced titers of free (0.767 μg g−1 FW) and bound (0.545 μg g−1 FW) IAA in Cr (VI) stressed seedlings were observed over untreated control. Supplementations of EBL to Cr (VI) stressed seedlings were able to enhance both free (2.14-5.68 μg g−1 FW) and bound IAA (2.45-7.78 μg g−1 FW) concentrations in comparison to Cr (VI) metal treatment alone. Significant rise in free (13.49 μg g−1 FW) and bound (12.17 μg g−1 FW) ABA contents were noticed for Cr (VI) stressed seedlings when compared to untreated control. No significant increase in ABA contents were recorded for Cr (VI) stressed seedlings upon supplementation with EBL over Cr (VI) treatment alone. A significant increase in Put (18.40 μg g−1 FW) and Cad (9.08 μg g−1 FW) contents were found for 10−9 M EBL plus Cr (VI) metal treatments when compared to Cr (VI) treatment alone. Spermidine (Spd) contents were found to decline significantly for EBL treatment alone or when supplemented with Cr (VI) treatments over untreated controls and Cr (VI) treatment alone. Antioxidant levels were found to enhance, with glutathione (57.98 mg g−1 FW), proline (4.97 mg g−1 FW), glycinebetaine (39.01 μmol mL−1), ascorbic acid (3.17 mg g−1 FW) and phytochelatins (65.69 μmol g−1 FW) contents noted for EBL supplemented to Cr (VI) metal solution over Cr (VI) treatment alone. Reduced activities of guaiacol peroxidase (0.391 U mg−1 protein) and catalase (0.221 U mg−1 protein) and enhanced activities of glutathione reductase (7.14 U mg−1 protein), superoxide dismutase (15.20 U mg−1 protein) and ascorbate peroxidase (4.31 U mg−1 protein) were observed in seedlings treated with EBL plus Cr (VI) over Cr metal treatment alone. Reduced MDA (2.55 μmol g−1 FW) and H2O2 (33.24 μmol g−1 FW) contents were recorded for 10−9 M EBL supplemented to Cr (VI) stress over Cr (VI) treatment alone. Enhancement in free radical scavenging potential as indicated by higher values of 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, deoxyribose and reducing power activity assays, and increased levels of phenols and soluble sugars also showed significant influence of EBL in alleviating Cr (VI) stress in radish seedlings. |
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Keywords: | ABA abscisic acid ASA ascorbic acid BRs brassinosteroids C control Cad cadaverine CAT catalase DPPH 1 1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl DW dried weight FRSA free radical scavenging activity FW fresh weight GPOX guaiacol peroxidase GR glutathione reductase IAA indole-3-acetic acid MDA malondialdehyde PAs polyamines PC phytochelatin PCA perchloric acid Put putrescine PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone PVPP polyvinylpolypyrrolidone ROS reactive oxygen species RSA radical scavenging activity SOD superoxide dismutase Spd spermidine TPC total phenol content |
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