Cellular uptake and mutagenic potential of metal oxide nanoparticles in bacterial cells |
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Authors: | Kumar Ashutosh Pandey Alok K Singh Shashi S Shanker Rishi Dhawan Alok |
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Institution: | a Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India b Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India |
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Abstract: | Extensive production and consumption of nanomaterials such as ZnO and TiO2 has increased their release and disposal into the environment. The accumulation of nanoparticles (NPs) in ecosystem is likely to pose threat to non-specific targets such as bacteria. The present study explored the effect of ZnO and TiO2 NPs in a model bacterium, Salmonella typhimurium. The uptake of ZnO and TiO2 bare NPs in nano range without agglomeration was observed in S. typhimurium. TEM analysis demonstrated the internalization and uniform distribution of NPs inside the cells. Flow cytometry data also demonstrates that both ZnO and TiO2 NPs were significantly internalized in the S. typhimurium cells in a concentration dependent manner. A significant increase in uptake was observed in the S. typhimurium treated even with 8 and 80 ng mL−1 of ZnO and TiO2 NPs with S9 after 60 min, possibly the formation of micelles or protein coat facilitated entry of NPs. These NPs exhibited weak mutagenic potential in S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA1537 and Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA) of Ames test underscoring the possible carcinogenic potential similar to certain mutagenic chemicals. Our study reiterates the need for re-evaluating environmental toxicity of ZnO and TiO2 NPs presumably considered safe in environment. |
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Keywords: | Nanoparticle uptake Bacteria S typhimurium Flow cytometry ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles Ames mutagenicity test |
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