基于投入产出与生命周期评价的集成电路产业环境影响分析

我国集成电路产业正蓬勃发展,在国家经济与高科技产业中占据重要地位。基于投入产出与生命周期评价,分别使用生命周期评价软件SimaPro7.0中的Eco-indicator 98与IMPACT 2002+2种评价模式作为量化影响评价方法,分析了我国集成电路产业的生产制造过程对环境的影响。根据Eco-indicator98分析结果,集成电路产业的各项环境影响中,重金属污染最高,其次为能源消耗、夏季烟雾、温室效应等;而IMPACT 2002+的损害评价结果显示,人体健康危害为集成电路产业最显著的环境损害,其次为生态系统质量、资源消耗及气候变化。在评估能源消耗与气候变化影响时,2种模式的结果一致。

An Environmental Impact Analysis on the Integrated Circuit Industry Based on Input-Output and Life Cycle Assessment

The integrated circuit(IC) industry in China is currently booming and plays an increasingly critical role in the national economy and high-tech industry.Major environmental impacts caused by production processes of the IC industry in China have been studied by using input-output and life cycle assessment.Two models of Eco-indicator 98 and IMPACT 2002+ from a life cycle assessment software SimaPro 7.0 were individually applied to quantitatively evaluate the impacts.Results derived from the former model showed that,of the environmental impacts,heavy metal pollution was the most serious problem followed by energy consumption, summer smog,greenhouse effect,and etc.The damage assessment conducted by the latter model indicated that the harm to human health was the most significant environmental effect followed by detrimental ecosystem quality,resources consumption and climate change.It has been found that the results of two models were quite consistent when assessing the impacts of energy consumption and climate change.