水体沉积物毒性鉴别与评价研究进展

综述了水体沉积物毒性鉴别与评价的主流方法以及研究进展,指出毒性测试和致毒因子鉴别方法是限制水体沉积物污染生态风险评价的关键因素,认为发展和应用以生物标记物和生物效应为导向,尤其是各种具有污染专一性指示作用的生物效应标志测试方法的建立和应用,并结合具有选择性的样品分级技术和先进的仪器进行定性定量分析,将是以生物效应为导向、以化学分析为基础的复杂水体沉积物毒性鉴别与评价的重要发展方向.

A review on progress of sediment toxicity identification and evaluation

This paper summarized the major research progress of sediment toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE). It was emphasized that TIE should be the most important step toward ecological risk assessment of contaminated sediment. While in many cases the specific contaminants responsible for the observed toxic effects could not be identified, classification of contaminants in sediment into ammonia, metal ions and organic pollutants should be practically applicable, in which more detailed information on toxic organic components was required. It was concluded that the approaches using biomarker and effect-directed analysis based on bioassay, fractionation and chemical analysis should be emphasized in sediment TIE. With improvement of environmental conditions and control of acute toxicants, sediment TIE for contaminants with carcinogenic, mutagenic, reproductive and endocrine disruptive potencies under low-dose and long term exposure are of great concern.