工业大气污染源排放绩效定量评价及应用

工业源治理是改善环境空气质量的重要途径，而如何开展精准治污仍然是目前亟需回答的问题.以天津市西青区为例，基于第二次全国污染源普查数据，对工业企业开展污染物排放绩效定量评价，并深入探究排放绩效评价应用于工业源精细化管控治理的意义、可行性以及存在的问题.结果发现，西青区各行业的排放绩效水平差异较大.污染物排放绩效水平与行业企业的自身属性、发展规模和管理水平有较为密切的关系.整体来看，家具制造业、金属制品业、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业等生产工艺本身产污量大且中小型企业居多的行业排放绩效水平偏差，而以计算机通信和其他电子设备制造业、汽车制造业为代表的高端行业排放绩效水平整体偏好.各行业中不同企业排放绩效差异也较大，其中金属机械制造类行业中绩效最差的11家企业工业产值对行业贡献0.06%，而PM排放量贡献达到8.50%；橡胶和塑料制品业中绩效最差的19家企业工业产值对全行业贡献4.76%，而VOCs排放量贡献却达到43.59%.同时，分别参照生态环境部相关技术指南和绩效评价结果设计减排方案，发现后者在减排同等规模污染物排放量时，减排成本最高可低于前者约90%.各行业、企业污染物排放绩效的差距，经济效益和环境成本的不协调，以及排放绩效评价对于精准减排的重要指引作用，充分证明开展排放绩效评价的必要性.结果表明污染物排放绩效评估可有效支撑宏观产业结构调整和中观、微观的工业企业环境治理，为精准治污提供重要参考路径.

Emission Performance Quantitative Evaluation and Application of Industrial Air Pollution Sources

Treatment of industrial atmospheric emission sources is an important way to improve air quality, but accurate pollution control remains still an urgent challenge. Taking Xiqing District of Tianjin as an example, based on the second national pollution source census, this study carried out a quantitative evaluation of the pollutant emission performance of industrial enterprises and explored the significance, feasibility, and challenges facing emission performance evaluation. The results show that the emission performance of various industries in Xiqing District vary greatly. The pollutant emission performance level is closely related to an industry''s own attributes, development scale, and management level. On the whole, the emission performance level of industries with high production process emission coefficients and a high proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises (such as furniture manufacturing, the metal products industry, ferrous metal smelting, and the rolling processing industry) is worse, while the emission performance of high-end industries represented by computer communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing and automobile manufacturing is generally better. The emission performance of different enterprises in the same industry also varies greatly. For example, the 11 enterprises with the worst performance in the metal machinery manufacturing industry only contributed 0.06% of industrial output yet their PM emission contribution reached 8.50%. The 19 worst-performing enterprises in the rubber and plastic industry contributed 4.76% of industrial output yet their VOCs emissions accounted for 43.59% of the total. At the same time, this study presents an emissions reduction plan according to the relevant technical guidelines of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Based on this, the cost of emissions reduction could be cut by as much as 90% when the pollutant emissions reductions of the same scale are reduced. The gap in the pollutant emissions performance of various industries and enterprises, the incongruity between economic benefits and environmental costs, and the important guiding role of emission performance evaluation for emissions reductions demonstrate the necessity of performance evaluation. Overall, this research shows that pollutant emission performance evaluation can effectively support macro-industrial structure adjustment and the environmental governance of meso-micro industrial enterprises, providing an important reference for pollution control interventions.