环境水体中硫化物的分析方法:从实验室分析到原位监测

环境水体中硫化物的水生生物毒性大，理化性质活泼，其行为特征与水环境安全及多种元素的生物地球化学过程密切相关.因此，准确和快速测定水中硫化物的浓度具有重要的现实意义.长期以来，水体中硫化物的分析方法研究一直是环境监测的热点问题之一，研究人员为此建立并完善了以分光光度法、荧光光度法、化学发光法、电化学法、色谱法和流动分析法等为核心技术的分析方法，同时在分析方法的自动化和智能化方面也取得了实质性进展.从技术发展的角度较为系统地综述了水体中硫化物的分析方法，包括样品采集和预处理、实验室分析、现场分析和原位监测，比较了各种方法的优缺点和适用范围，对未来发展趋势进行了展望.

Research Progress on the Determination of Sulfide in Natural Waters: From Laboratory Analysis to In-Situ Monitoring

Sulfide in natural waters is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. The occurrence of sulfide in natural waters is closely related to water quality and the biogeochemical processes of many other elements because of the labile chemical properties of sulfide. Therefore, it is very important to obtain real and timely concentrations of sulfide in natural waters. In fact, the determination of sulfide in natural waters has long been a hot issue in the field of environmental monitoring. Researchers have developed various analytical methods, mainly based on spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, chemiluminescence, electrochemistry, chromatography, and flow-based techniques. In addition, substantial progress has been made in the aspect of automation and intelligence. This review systematically summarized the state-of-the-art progress on the determination of sulfide in natural waters, including sample collection and pretreatment, laboratory analysis, on-site analysis, and in-situ monitoring. The advantages and disadvantages and application scope of each method were compared. The trend of future development was also proposed.