中国油气系统甲烷逸散排放估算

为实现碳达峰碳中和目标，中国正致力于推动能源低碳化转型，这促进能源由煤炭向油气资源的转变.因此，中国石油和天然气系统（油气系统）的甲烷（CH₄）排放日益受到关注.逸散排放包括设备泄漏、排空和火炬燃烧，涉及油气资源的开发、生产、运输、储存和分配等过程.但目前油气系统CH₄逸散排放缺乏统一的核算方法，逸散排放量亦未被纳入国家温室气体清单统计之中.基于相关方法，评估了1980~2020年中国油气系统的CH₄逸散排放.结果表明，油气系统的CH₄逸散排放随着油气资源的生产和消费增长而快速增加，由1980年不足60万t增长至2020年的超过260万t.石油系统和天然气系统在2020年的CH₄逸散排放分别达到约60万t和200万t，是1980年的1.38倍和16.6倍.油气系统的CH₄逸散主要源于天然气生产、石油生产、天然气分配、天然气运输和储存，分别占总排放的41%、20%、18%和13%.天然气管道是主要的逸散设施.相比于常规油气资源开发，非常规油气资源开发的排放强度更高.研究完善了CH₄逸散排放清单，可为CH₄减排提供重要科学数据支持.

Estimating Methane Fugitive Emissions from Oil and Natural Gas Systems in China

To achieve its carbon peaking and carbon neutrality objectives, China is committed to promoting a decarbonized energy transition, which has strengthened the shift from coal to oil and gas resources. As a result, methane (CH₄) fugitive emissions from China''s oil and gas systems are of increasing concern. Fugitive emissions include equipment leaks, venting, and flaring and involve exploration, production, transportation, storage, and distribution of oil and gas resources. However, there is no uniform accounting method for methane fugitive emissions from oil and gas systems, and fugitive emissions have not been included in the national greenhouse gas inventory statistics. Using the relevant methods, methane fugitive emissions from China''s oil and gas systems were estimated for the period from 1980-2020. The results showed that CH₄ fugitive emissions from oil and gas systems increased rapidly with the growth of production and consumption of oil and gas resources, from less than 0.6 million tons in 1980 to more than 2.6 million tons in 2020. CH₄ fugitive emissions from oil and gas systems reached approximately 0.6 million tons and 2.0 million tons, which were 1.38 and 16.6 times larger than those in 1980, respectively. Fugitive emissions from oil and gas systems originated primarily from gas production, oil production, gas transportation, and storage, accounting for 41%, 20%, 18%, and 13% of total emissions, respectively. Gas pipelines were the main fugitive facilities. The emission intensity of unconventional oil and gas resource exploration was higher compared to conventional resource exploration. This study improved the CH₄ fugitive emission inventory, which could provide solid scientific data for CH₄ reduction.