海水痕量营养盐和金属的分子光谱分析方法研究进展

海洋现场观测是获取海洋环境研究数据的重要途径.鉴于海洋的现场环境严酷复杂，以及采集、储存和运输海水样品的困难，海洋化学参数的现场和原位检测一直为海洋学家所追求，成为海水分析技术的研究热点.通过综述近年来海水痕量营养盐和重要痕量金属的分子光谱分析方法的研究进展，从灵敏度和测定范围等方面，总结痕量营养盐（活性磷、亚硝氮、硝氮、铵态氮）和痕量金属（铁、锰、铜、铝）的分析技术，侧重于现场和原位测定方法，聚焦于分光光度法、荧光法和化学发光法等适用于海洋现场的光学检测方法的研究情况，同时展示这些方法及相应仪器在岸基实验室、船基实验室、海洋走航分析以及原位长期观测中的应用实例；并对现存的关键问题及可能的解决方案进行探讨，对本领域今后的发展方向做出展望.

Research Progress of Analytical Methods with Molecular Spectroscopy for Determination of Trace Nutrients and Metals in Seawaters

On-field monitoring is an important way to obtain data in marine environmental research. The ocean environmental conditions are harsh and complex, and there are many difficulties in seawater sample collecting, storing, and transporting. Therefore, the on-field and in-situ detections of chemical parameters have always been pursued by oceanographers and have become a research hot point in the seawater analysis field. In this review, the recent research progress of detection methods with molecular spectroscopy techniques for trace nutrients and metals in seawater was summarized. From the view of sensitivity and detection range, we discussed analytical techniques of trace nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, nitrate, and ammonium) and metals (iron, manganese, copper, and aluminum). It focused on methods of on-field and in-situ measures and development of optical methods such as spectrophotometry, fluorescence, and chemiluminescence, as well as the corresponding instruments that are most suitable in marine field observation. Examples of the application of these methods and relative instruments in land-and ship-based laboratories, ship-board underway monitoring, and long-term in-situ observation were presented. The key problems and possible solutions were analyzed, and the future development of the research field was proposed.