牛粪堆肥升温菌剂的筛选及其作用机制

以糖、淀粉、蛋白质、纤维素培养基及菌株增殖倍数、菌株性能等为筛选方法,从牛粪低温堆肥中筛选不同原料重要功能菌并组成功能菌剂;以不同类别原料菌及单菌株发酵实验对升温机制进行研究。结果表明,芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌、纤维单胞菌及小孢霉菌等为重要功能菌;菌剂起温快,升温效果好,48 h堆体即由低温进入中温,5 d达到高温,腐熟时间可缩短至约17~18 d;糖功能菌升温效果最为显著,淀粉及蛋白质功能菌次之,纤维素功能菌升温能力较弱;菌株利用各种原料能力越强,增殖速度越快,对升温作用越大。各菌株充分利用基质各成分,紧密协同和促进,是低温堆体发酵升温的主要作用机制。

Isolation of heating-up microorganisms from cow dung compost and their mechanism of action

Several microorganisms were isolated successfully from cow dung compost by using selective medium supplemented with sugar,starch,protein and cellulose,respectively.Raw materials and isolated bacterial strains were searched for their effects on the heating-up mechanism.The results showed that Bacillus,Pseudomonas,Cellulomonas and Syzygites have significant effects on the heating-up.The temperature increased to a moderate level 48 hours after inoculation of the microorganisms into the compost and to a higher level around 5 days.The time of compost being thoroughly decomposed declined to 17 ~ 18 days compared to the control.Bacteria that consume sugar have the best effect on the heating-up,which is followed by those utilizing the starch and protein.The cellulose bacteria have relative weak effect.The microorganisms that have higher ability to use raw material grow faster and have better effects on the heating up.The probable mechanism of the heating-up is that all strains can make full use of components in the compost and work together in a collaborated and promotion manner at low temperatures.