Chemical oxidation of sulfadiazine by the Fenton process: Kinetics,pathways, toxicity evaluation |
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| Authors: | Ji-Feng Yang Shi-Biao Zhou An-Guo Xiao Wen-Jun Li Guang-Guo Ying |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Chinaclark_yang@yeah.net;4. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper investigated sulfadiazine oxidation by the Fenton process under various reaction conditions. The reaction conditions tested in the experiments included the initial pH value of reaction solutions, and the dosages of ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide. Under the reaction conditions with pH 3, 0.25 mM of ferrous ion and 2 mM of hydrogen peroxide, a removal efficiency of nearly 100% was achieved for sulfadiazine. A series of intermediate products including 4-OH-sulfadiazine/or 5-OH-sulfadiazine, 2-aminopyrimidine, sulfanilamide, formic acid, and oxalic acid were identified. Based on these products, the possible oxidation pathway of sulfadiazine by Fenton's reagent was proposed. The toxicity evaluation of reaction solutions showed increased antimicrobial effects following the Fenton oxidation process. The results from this study suggest that the Fenton oxidation process could remove sulfadiazine, but also increase solution toxicity due to the presence of more toxic products. |
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| Keywords: | Sulfadiazine Fenton's agent oxidation pathway toxicity evaluation |
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