Cytotoxicity and DNA damage of five organophosphorus pesticides mediated by oxidative stress in PC12 cells and protection by vitamin E |
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Authors: | Xian T. Lu Yun Ma Cui Wang Xiao F. Zhang Da Q. Jin Chang J. Huang |
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Affiliation: | 1. MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China;2. Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Material and Environmental Engineering School , Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou , China;3. Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China;4. Institute of Watershed Science and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical College , Wenzhou , China |
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Abstract: | Previous studies have demonstrated that pesticides could induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in vivo and in vitro, and that oxidative stress may be an important factor involved. However, investigations comparing the capability of different organophosphorous (OP) compounds to induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress are limited. Hence, the aim of this paper was to access the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of five OPs or metabolites, Acephate (ACE), Methamidophos (MET), Chloramidophos (CHL), Malathion (MAT) and Malaoxon (MAO), and to clarify the role of oxidative stress, using PC12 cells. The results demonstrated that MET, MAT and MAO caused significant inhibition of cell viability and increased DNA damage in PC12 cells at 40 mg L?1. MAO was more toxic than the other OPs. ACE, MET, MAT and MAO increased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) at 20 mg L?1 and 40 mg L?1 to different degrees. Pre-treatment with vitamin E(600 μM)caused a significant attenuation in the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect; pre-treatment reversed subsequent OP-induced elevation of peroxidation products and the decline of anti-oxidant enzyme activities. These results indicate that oxidative damage is likely to be an initiating event that contributes to the OP-induced cytotoxicity. |
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Keywords: | Organophosphorous insecticides oxidative stress cytotoxicity genotoxicity |
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