自然保护区景观结构设计与物种保护——以卧龙自然保护区为例

以卧龙自然保护区大熊猫保护为实例,提出了自然保护区中景观结构设计的一些基本原则和方法。认为在进行景观要素设计之前,应先进行景观适宜性评价,之后进行核心斑块、缓冲区和廊道的设计。①核心斑块 :不仅要考虑斑块的景观适宜性,而且斑块的面积应能维持一定物种数量 ;②缓冲区 :在考虑距离对目标物种影响的同时,还应考虑缓冲区的范围应该覆盖所有的核心斑块 ;③廊道 :需要辨识两种情况,其一是对现存生境廊道的保护,为了避免不同核心斑块被隔离,必须严格保护现存的生境廊道。其二是对潜在生境廊道的建设,在条件允许时,通过植被重建,建立适宜的生境廊道。

Landscape pattern design and wildlife conservation in nature reserve-Case study of Wolong Nature Reserve

Establishing nature reserve is one of the most effective measures for protecting bio diversity and endangered species.However,the purpose of establishing nature reserve with degenerated natural species usually failed to reach due to irrational spatial arrangement of the reserves.The case study of Wolong Nature Reserve presented in this study indicates some practical methods on design of functional units of a nature reserve.Before landscape element design is carried out,it is necessary to conduct landscape suitability evaluations,based on which core patches,buffer areas and corridors can be designed.(a)Design of core patches will consider both landscape suitability and patch size that can accommodate certain number species.(b)While designing buffer areas,it is better to enable the buffer areas cover all the core patches as well as the affecting distance to certain species.(c)Two cases should be clearified: the existing corridors which have to be protected strictly;and the potential corridors that can become a practical corridor for gene exchange between different habitats by rehabilitating vegetation.