空气微生物群落样品采集、解析方法及研究进展

综述了空气微生物的采样方法和群落解析方法,并着重从时空变化规律、特殊事件的影响、来源和环境因子的关系这4个方面对空气细菌的研究进展进行了详细的介绍,展望了空气微生物研究的方向,以期为空气微生物领域相关的研究提供理论依据。

On the sample collection,community analysis and research advances of the airborne microbial communities

This paper is intended to provide a review of the sampling collection and community analysis of the airborne microbial communities.Since it is the first step to choose proper sampling methods for investigating the airborne communities,a great variety of air microorganism sampling methods has to be chosen available and suitable for the purpose,though there do not exist any standardized protocols in this connection.However,in general,two sampling methods can be found broadly adopted for the purpose of impaction and filtration.What is more,it is also necessary to update the currently used community analysis methods for the airborne microorganisms constantly and purposefully.Of the two aforementioned community analysis methods,there exists a general tendency to switch from the culture-dependent approach to the culture-independent one.However,the culture-dependent method tends to underestimate the bacterial diversity to some extent due to the fact that there is only a low proportion of the viable microorganisms that could be cultured.But,in contrast,the culture-independent methods mainly include the polymerase chain reaction,the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism,the clone,pyrosequencing,and the Illumina high-throughput sequence.So far as we know,the most widely used methods for the time being are the pyrosequencing and Illumina sequencing,which are in a position to promote human knowledge of the airborne microbial communities for their advantages of being greatly thorough-going.Furthermore,the paper has also made a more comprehensive review of the currently research advances of the airborne bacterial communities with its focus being put on the following 4 aspects:(1)their temporal and spatial variability;(2) the effect of the dust or haze on them;(3) their potential sources;and,(4) their relations with the environmental and meteorological changing factors.As shown in the pioneering and initiative investigations,it can he deduced that,(1) Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria are the dominant phyla in the atmospheric particulate matters as has been sampled from the different sites,different altitudes as well as from the different land-use features;(2) Obvious seasonal dynamic changes of the airborne bacterial community can also be detected;(3) The bacterial communities can also be affected by the dust events,haze events and some other environmental factors;And,besides,(4)the soil contents,plants and the poultry of the domestic fowls or animals may also serve as the main sources of the airborne bacteria.From what is mentioned above,it can be seen that the paper has made a critical assessment of the status-in-situ of the knowledge and further research orientations,particularly,the size distribution features of the airborne bacterial community.All this can help to provide a theoretical basis for the control of the airborne biological pollution and practical guide for the further pursue of the airborne microorganisms.