火灾情境下认知生理反应与建筑物疏散标识优化研究

为研究火灾环境中人的认知生理变化规律,在心理实验室常规环境与受限空间火灾情境模拟中,分别运用E-Prime软件,对样本的心算、简单颜色、复杂颜色认知反应和心电生理反应进行了对照研究。结果表明:1)受限空间中的心算反应错误率高于心理实验室的测试结果,复杂颜色反应的错误率低于心理实验室的测试结果,两项目的反应时均值配对t检验均存在显著差异,简单颜色测试项目的错误率与反应时均值在对照试验中的变化均不显著;2)75%被试在情境模拟试验中的心率变化明显,配对t检验达到显著水平,15名被试心电图有小幅波动但波段振幅范围正常,5名被试出现轻微房颤与心律失常症状;3)基于人的认知生理反应规律,在建筑物现有疏散标识体系的基础上,提出了增设局部疏散标识的建议。

Cognitive and physiological reaction in the fire situations for optimizing the fire-risk evacuation signage of the buildings

To improve the evacuation efficiency in the fire-risk emergency via optimizing the evacuation signs and signals of the building,the present paper has done a cognitive and physiological reaction experiment with an innovation of the fire evacuation signs.In the above mentioned experiment,we have managed to collect data concerned from a study sample with 20 college students joined-in under the ordinary environment in the psychological laboratory with a limited space of fire-risk simulated condition while the E-Prime software has been used for the said tests,including the mental arithmetic,simple color and complex color tests.At the same time,an electrocardiograph (ECG) has been used for the physiological tests,with heartbeat and electrocardiogram observation and monitoring device under way.When the experiment was over,all the experimental data could be sent for analysis through a software known as SPSS 17.0.The main results of the aforementioned experiments can be shown as follows:(1) The error rate of the subjects' mental arithmetic judgment in the limited space turn out to be remarkably higher than those in the psychological laboratory under the ordinary environment.Furthermore,the error rates of the complicated color experiment in the said limited space have also been proved much higher than those in the psychological laboratory under the ordinary environment.Comparing the results gained from the two different environments,it can be found that there exists significant test reaction difference (p ＜ O.05) under the two different testing conditions.For example,in the simulated fire condition,it is the psychological reaction of the subjects to the mental arithmetic and complex color recognition that is passive,for they know the conditions are stimulated.However,no evident difference in the error rate recognition and the average reaction time lengths can be found in the simple color tests,thus indicating that there is little mental motivation that is involved.(2) In the physiology reaction tests,the 15 subjects out of the 20 say they have experienced significant increase in the heart beating rates,while 3 of the 15 say they can control their own heart-beating rate at almost normal and even 2 of them say they can keep their heart beating at the same rate as that of the control group.And,even exceptionally,still 2 of the 15,experienced heartbeat slowing-down.Therefore,significant difference (p ＜0.05) can be found in the different testing groups.The electrocardiogram results of the 15 subjects would be fluctuated in a narrow range of normal amplitude,with 5 of them revealing symptoms of minor atrial fibrillation and arrhythmia.These results may suggest that the fire situation was the main reason for the electrocardiogram changes.More exactly speaking,the electrocardiogram testing results among the 15 subjects prove to be fluctuated within a narrow normal amplitude range,whereas 5 of them have been detected with the symptoms of minor atrial fibrillation and arrhythmia.Therefore,the results imply that it is the fire risk that should account for the electrocardiogram changes.(3) The testing results of the indoor schematics and the distance schematics of the emergency exits in the high buildings also prove to be meaningful and reasonable based on the aforementioned test results.