固定源排放污染物健康风险评价方法在环评中的应用

为了评估污染源对建设项目周边人群健康的影响,将固定源健康风险评价的方法引入大气环境质量评价中,从人体健康影响角度评价项目建设的环境可行性。以甘肃省内某热源厂的建设项目为例,利用源成分谱和源强信息计算污染源的风险源强,选用AERMOD模型预测项目周边人群将受到的健康风险并依此判断项目的可行性。结果表明,项目排放的PM10对周围居民造成的致癌风险超过了限值10-6,当建设项目完成后,周围居民存在致癌的可能性,需要对其排放的PM10进行重点处理。将该方法结果与单因子比较法进行对比,当考虑PM10中各组分的致癌影响时,两种评价方法的最终结果出现了偏差。从人体健康的角度出发,根据该方法的评价结果能为项目建设提出更加有针对性的建议。

Health risk assessment method in the application to the fixed source environmental impact

The present paper is inclined to devote itself to a study of the health risk assessment method and its application to the fixed source environmental impact The said newly established health risk assessment method has been introduced to assess the impact of the fixed pollution sources to the air quality,with more attention being paid to the relationship between the air quality and human health protection.The method we have developed in this paper for health risk assessment of the pollutants from the fixed source can be adopted to the assessment of the atmospheric environmental quality in hoping to assess the health impact of the fixed source to the surrounding population when the construction projects are under way.From the point of view of environmental health risks,Taking a heat source plant in Gansu as an example,we have worked out the source profiles and the source intensity of the heat-supply factory with the AERMOD model to predict the health risk of the surrounding population in the project and the feasibility of the project based on the above mentioned results.Thus,the results of our study indicate that the population suffering the cancer risk greater than the international carcinogenic risk limit of 10-6,What is more,if the heat-supply source has been finished with its construction,the surrounding residence would have to be confronted with much greater cancer risk.It is just for the said reason that we feel it necessary to focus on the study of the would be PM10 emission intensity of the heat-supply factory emission of the particulate matters of the size below 10 microns).The present author has also proposed his recommendations for the PM10 emission as well as that of Cr metals in the PM10,with the dangerous consequence being compared with the single factor comparison method.Besides,we have made a comparison between the results of the two methods,which are a little bit deviated for the single factor comparison method failing to identify the specific components of PM10containingt he metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) in them,which can largely lead to the effect of cancer risks.As to the human health is concerned,the evaluation results of the method we have adopted are expected to provide more targeted suggestions and implications for further project construction.