贵州典型酸性黄壤中3种叶菜类蔬菜对Cd累积特性及低累积品种筛选

采用盆栽试验法,研究了酸性黄壤中3种叶菜类蔬菜作物——苋菜、油菜和芹菜的12个品种(每种蔬菜有4个供试品种)对重金属Cd的吸收差异,并通过聚类分析和作物对Cd富集规律的探讨,筛选出对Cd的低累积品种。结果表明,随土壤Cd添加量增加冠一青梗菜、四季小香芹及圆叶白苋菜生物量变化不显著。3种叶菜类蔬菜对Cd的富集能力从大到小依次为苋菜、油菜、芹菜。对于3种供试蔬菜的不同品种对Cd的累积水平,苋菜从大到小的顺序为大圆叶红苋菜、圆叶白苋菜、圆叶淡黄白苋菜、红圆叶苋菜,油菜为五月慢、宝竹青梗菜、紫冠一号、冠一青梗菜,芹菜为黄苗实芹、荷兰红芹、四季小香芹、津南实芹王。聚类分析表明,四季小香芹、荷兰红芹及津南实芹王为Cd低累积类群,五月慢、红圆叶苋菜、圆叶淡黄白苋菜、圆叶白苋菜、大圆叶红苋菜为Cd高累积类群,其他品种均为Cd中累积类群。3组处理(对照组、低质量比、高质量比)中,苋菜的4个品种和五月慢对Cd的富集系数大于1,芹菜的4个品种和冠一青梗菜对Cd的富集系数则小于1,宝竹青梗菜和紫冠一号仅在高Cd质量比处理时富集系数大于1。初步筛选出四季小香芹为Cd低累积叶菜类蔬菜品种。

On the Cd accumulation risk features in the 3 leaf vegetables in the typical acid brown soil of Guizhou and the corresponding choice for better lower accumulated cultivars instead

The paper is aimed to investigate and analyze the accumulation characteristics of Cd in the different leaf vegetable varieties and choose their cultivars via the low-vegetable accumulation ways.In order to search for some superior leaf vegetable cultivars for the soil remediation,we have selected 3 kinds of leaf vegetables,known as the Amaranthus mangostanus L,Brassica campestris L and Apium graveolens L (each kind has been chosen in 4 varieties) in the acid brown soil for pot-growing experiments,with their features carefully examined so as to screen off the lower accumulated cultivars for Cd.The results of our analysis indicate that the Cd in the said soil tends to affect the biomass of Guanyi,Siji,Yuanye indistinctively.And,eventually,we have identified and decided to choose the 3 kinds of leaf vegetables,whose cultivars are endowed with the liability to get rid of Cd in a descending order,that is:Amaranthus mangostanus L ＞ Brassica campestris L ＞ Apium graveolens L.Its Cd accumulation tendency of Amaranthus mangostanus L can be noticed and determined in a descending order,that is:Dayuanye ＞ Yuanye ＞ Yuanyedanhuang ＞ Hongyuanye.At the same time,its Brassica campestris L has been found in the order of Wuyueman ＞ Baozhu ＞ Ziguan ＞ Guanyi,whereas its Apium graveolens L stands in an order of Huangmiao ＞ Helanhong ＞ Siji ＞ Jinnan.More specifically speaking,its cluster analysis indicates that,its Siji Apium,Helanhong Apium and Jinnan Apium can all be categorized into the lower Cd accumulation group,while in comparison its Wuyueman Brassica,Hongyuanye Amaranth,Yuanyedanhuang Amaranth,Yuanye Amaranth and Dayuanye Amaranth can all be relegated to the high Cd accumulation group.Furthermore,through the above said 3 treatments (CK,L,H),the accumulation coefficient of Wuyueman Brassica and the 4 kinds of Amaranthus mangostanus L can still be over 1,but the Guanyi Brassica and the 4 kinds of Apium graveolens L have been made to drop below 1,though the Baozhu Brassica and Ziguan Brassica remains over 1 under the high Cd content rate treatment merely.Thus,it can be concluded that Siji Apium should be taken as the lower Cd accnmulated leaf vegetable cultivar through our preliminary screening.Based on the above experimental results,what we have gained can be taken as the significant references to the safety of the agricultural products and meaningful farmland pollution removal and remedy due to the heavy metal contaminants in the above mentioned Guizhou areas.