南水北调对汉江下游藻类生长的影响及对策研究

采用水质生态模型 ,模拟分析因南水北调中线工程导致水量的变化以及河道内营养负荷的改变 ,引起汉江下游水体藻类生长速率的变化 ,并对藻类生长的规律做了分析 ,结果表明 :要有效地控制汉江中下游“水华”的发生 ,在现状水量和营养负荷条件下 ,需削减营养负荷 5 0 %;实施设计方案调水 1 45亿m3且有引江济汉配套工程条件下 ,需削减现状营养负荷 80 %;调水后控制污染负荷至现状的 5 0 %,要消除因调水产生的负面影响 ,则需将引江济汉水量增大 30 %。由此可减轻因南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游造成的负面影响 ,但“水华”发生机率仍比不调水年程度严重且历时长久。因此 ,首先必须治污 ,控制沿江的污水排放 ;其次在藻类大量繁殖的春季 ,结合丹江口水库和引江济汉工程的合理调度 ,确保汉江中下游工农业生产和生态环境需水。

Project of South-to-North Water Transfer:Study of Its Influence on Phytoplankton Growth in Lower Reach of Hanjiang River

A time-dependent and one-dimensional dynamic water quality numerical model has been developed and used to simulate phytoplankton dynamics,nutrient cycle and DO distribution in the water body in order to evaluate the impact of the SNWT project on water quality and aquatic ecology in terms of phytoplankton growth. The study revealed the negative impacts of the projects on water quality, e.g. the increasing growth of algae. Alleviation measures are proposed such as diverting water from the Yangtze to the lower reach of the Hanjiang River and curtailing nutrient loading into the river.