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Potential of microalgae Bio-Coke as a sustainable solid fuel alternative to coal coke |
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| Authors: | Koesoemadinata Vidya Cundasari Nakamura Shunsuke Kamal Baharin Nur Syahirah Yahya Wira Jazair Muhamad Yuzir Muhamad Ali Iwamoto Koji Suzuki Kengo Ida Tamio Md Akhir Fazrena Nadia Othman Nor’azizi Hara Hirofumi |
| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ;2.Department of Mechanical Precision Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ;3.Euglena Co., Ltd, 5-29-11 G-BASE Tamachi 2nd Floor Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan ;4.Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 7F East Research Building, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan ;5.Bio-Coke Research Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan ;6.Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan ; |
| Abstract: | Energy and environmental issues have triggered the search for new sources of green energy alternatives in recent years. Biofuel production from renewable sources is widely considered one of the most sustainable alternatives for environmental and economic sustainability. Microalgae are currently being promoted as one of the most promising liquid biofuel feedstocks due to their rapid growth, high lipid production capacity, and carbon–neutral cycle. In this study, whole microalgae cells were utilized as raw material to produce solid biofuel, i.e., Bio-Coke, and this study aimed to investigate the possibility of microalgae Bio-Coke as an alternative to coal coke. The results show that Bio-Coke can be produced from microalgae in the temperature range of 80–100 °C. The apparent density is between 1.253 and 1.261 g/cm3, comparable to the apparent density of lignocellulosic Bio-Coke. Additionally, the calorific value is higher than the calorific value of lignocellulosic Bio-Coke and within the range of the calorific value of subbituminous coal. Therefore, microalgae Bio-Coke can be utilized to replace coal coke usage in the future. |
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