饮用水中有毒污染物的筛查和健康风险评价

饮用水中含有痕量有机有毒污染物,其中相当一部分并不在水质标准管理范围.应用安捷伦公司解卷积报告软件(DRS)提供的保留时间锁定(RTL)、谱图解卷积(Deconvolution)技术和有毒化合物数据库(HCD),建立了1种可以应用于饮用水中有毒污染物的筛查和健康风险评价的方法.应用此方法对北京市自来水厂进出水中的有毒有机污染物进行了分析,定性筛查到113种有毒有机污染物,并对其中多环芳烃、有机氯农药、挥发性有机物和酚类物质等62种污染物进行了定量分析.结果表明,在有定量分析数据的污染物中,列入标准的有机有毒污染物浓度均未超过国际主要水质标准限值;对未列入水质标准或没有浓度限值的有机有毒污染物,初步进行了健康风险分析和水厂工艺的去除效果评价,发现它们的健康风险基本处于可接受的水平.此外,还定性筛查到当前国际水质标准中没有列入的51种有毒有机物,包括敌敌畏、五氯硝基苯、仲丁威、残杀威、邻苯基苯酚、叔丁基-4-羟基茴香醚、苯胺和腐霉利等,并分析了这些污染物的风险特征,是否存在健康风险需要进一步的研究.

Full scan analysis and primary risk assessment of drinking water

Drinking water contains regulated and unregulated toxic chemicals.A method for screening and identifying toxic chemicals of potential risk in drinking water was established by using retention time locking(RTL) and deconvolution technology(Agilent Co.,USA).A full scan had been done to found the persistent toxic substances(PTS) in raw waters and effluents from several waterworks around Beijing in May,2006 using DRS software(Agilent Co.,USA).Total 113 organic toxic chemicals had been identified.Amongst,62 chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),phenols,organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) and volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were quantitatively analyzed by GC-MSD.The results showed that the mean concentrations of those chemicals listed in major international drinking water standards were much lower than the recommendations.However among those chemicals that have not been listed in the standards,a large part of them are carcinogenic and endocrine disruptors and could not be efficiently removed from processes in the waterworks.Among the rest 51 organic toxic substances,dichlorvos,pentachloronitrobenzene,fenobucarb,propoxur,o-phenylphenol,butylated hydroxyanisole,aniline and procymidone are known potent hazardous and their risk characteristics has been evaluated.