| 美国环境管理体系中联邦与地方政府角色透视 |
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| 引用本文： | Mary A.Gade,Cynthia A.Faur.美国环境管理体系中联邦与地方政府角色透视[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(Z1):126-132. |
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| 作者姓名： | Mary A.Gade Cynthia A.Faur |
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| 作者单位： | Mary A.Gade（Sonnenschein Nath & Rosentha, Former Director of the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency,USA）;Cynthia A.Faur（Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal,USA） |
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| 基金项目： | 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会科研基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 自美国环境保护局(EPA)成立以来,美国各州的环境执政体制产生了巨大的变化,取得了卓越的成绩.美国的环境执政体制从分权的、由州驱动的体制演变为自上而下、技术强制、联邦驱动的体制.近几年该体制更加分权化,各州的作用更为强大;引入了市场力量,加强了环境保护力度,成本竞争力亦得到改善.自上而下/技术强制的体制和以非集权化/市场为主的体制有其各自的优缺点.笔者将试图阐明环境保护体制的良好运转同时需要来自这2种方式的元素.
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| 关 键 词： | 美国环境保护局 非集权化/市场为主的体制 自上而上/技术强制制度 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-6929(2006)S0-0126-07 |
| 修稿时间： | 2006年8月28日 |
The United States Environmental System: an Evolution in Federal vs. Local Control |
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| Mary A.Gade,Cynthia A.Faur.The United States Environmental System: an Evolution in Federal vs. Local Control[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2006,19(Z1):126-132. |
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| Authors: | Mary AGade Cynthia AFaur |
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| Abstract: | Since its setting up,the United States system of environmental governance has undergone dramatic changes and has achieved significant environmental improvements.It evolved from a decentralized,state-driven system into a top-down,technology-forcing,federally-driven system.In recent years,the system has become more decentralized,with states taking a greater role and market forces being brought to bear for greater environmental protection with improved cost-effectiveness.Both the top-down/technology-forcing and decentralized/market-based systems have their advantages and disadvantages.As this paper will demonstrate,a well-functioning environmental protection system needs elements of both approaches to succeed. |
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| Keywords: | U S EPA decentralized/market-based system top-down/technology-forcing systems |
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