中国土壤环境污染态势及预防、控制和修复策略

在综述中国土壤环境污染态势及成因的基础上,提出了土壤环境污染的预防、控制和修复策略.指出了当前中国土壤环境污染态势严峻,表现出土壤污染范围在扩大,污染物种类在增多,出现了复合型、混合型的高风险污染区,呈现出从污灌型向与大气沉降型并重转变、城郊向农村延伸、局部向区域蔓延的趋势;体现出土壤污染与土壤酸化的叠加、多种传统污染物与新兴污染物相互混合的态势,危及粮食生产、食物质量、生态安全、人体健康以及区域可持续发展.认为以预防为主,预防、控制和修复相结合是中国在相当长时期内的土壤环境保护策略;土壤污染预防需要法律法规、评价标准、管理政策和公众参与,土壤污染控制需要发展物化控制、生物学控制及其协同控制技术,土壤污染修复需要研发工程修复技术、材料、产品与设备,建立技术规范、评价标准和管理体系,推动市场化和产业化发展.

Trends in soil environmental pollution and the prevention-controlling-remediation strategies in China

This paper made a review on current situation and trends in the soil environmental pollution and discussed strategies for soil pollution prevention,controlling and remediation in China. This review indicated that the soil environmental pollution in China became serious and the soil pollutants and polluted areas were increased. Combined or mixed pollution areas with high environmental risk appeared. Meanwhile,the soil contamination presented the extension from suburb to rural areas and from local to region due to waste-water irrigation and air-borne pollutants precipitation. Current soil pollution had turned to such a status with coexistence of toxic pollutants and soil acidification and with mixture of residual pesticides and emerging pollutants,threatening the grain production,food quality,ecological safety and human health as well as regional sustainable development. Therefore,it was suggested that the principle of Chinese soil environmental protection strategies in a long-term should be prevention first and combined with controlling and remediation. The prevention strategies need legislation,standardization,management policy and public involvement. The controlling strategies need to develop physico-chemical,biological and combined controlling technologies. The remediation strategies need to develop techniques,functional materials,products and equipments for engineering remediation,to establish technical guidelines,standards and management systems for application of soil remediation technologies,and to promote the remediation marketing and industrialization.