天津市土壤风沙尘元素的分布特征和来源研究

通过与土壤标准和背景值的比较分析了天津市土壤风沙尘元素的质量分数分布特征，通过富集因子法分析了天津市风沙尘元素的富集特征，进而说明天津市风沙尘元素的来源及其变化。结果表明，（1）Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn和As质量分数均有超过土壤标准的现象。（2）Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn和Ag超过背景值10倍以上，受到了人为污染。（3）粗颗粒中西青区的Pb元素，津南区的Ni元素和Pb元素以及细颗粒中东丽区的Ca元素和Zn元素，西青区的Cu、Pb，津南区的Cr、Ni、Pb等元素达到显著污染级别；各区粗细颗粒中的Ag元素污染级别最高，有的为极强烈污染；这些元素是典型的人为污染元素。（4）粗颗粒中只有Ca和Ni污染级别有所增加，细颗粒中只有Na、Ni、As等3种元素的富集因子略有增加。所以，天津市土壤风沙尘的治理重在控制人为来源的Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Cr和Ca等高污染元素。

Distribution Characteristics and Sources of the Elements in Soil Dust

The thesis analyzes the concentration distribution characteristics of the elements in soil dust in Tianjin by comparing them with soil environmental standard and soil background value, and then studies the enrichment characteristics by enrichment factors, to demonstrate the sources of these elements and their changes. The conclusions drawn are as follows, (1) The concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and As is below standard in some districts in Tianjin. (2) The concentration of Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag exceeds the soil back- ground value more than 10 times due to the man-made pollution. (3) Pb in Xiqing in TSP, Ni and Pb in Jinnan in TSP, Ca and Zn in Dongli, Cu and Pb in Xiqing, Cr, Ni and Pb in Jinnan in PM10, have achieved remarkable pollution level; the pollution level of Ag is the highest, and some even extremely serious. All these are typically man-made factors of pollution. (4) The pollution level of Ca and Ni in TSP has moderately increased, while in PM10 only enrichment factors of Na, Ni, and As have slightly increased. Therefore, to harness the soil dust in Tianjin, much weight should be laid on controlling the contributory elements of pollution like Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Cr, and Ca which mainly come from human activities.