绿洲边缘不同土地利用方式下的土壤质量变化及分析

绿洲化进程加剧导致绿洲边缘土地覆被状况发生变化,为探讨绿洲边缘不同土地利用方式对土壤属性及土壤质量的影响,以塔里木盆地南缘策勒绿洲边缘人为垦殖的棉田、果园、沙拐枣林地及自然状态下骆驼刺覆被样地等4种土地利用方式为研究对象,利用土壤质量相对指数(RI)及土壤质量综合指数(SQI)分别探讨各样地间在0～20 cm、20～40 cm、40～60 cm内土壤质量变化状况;同时利用分形理论对各样地表层土壤的粒径分布(PSD)属性进行分析.结果表明,土壤有机质及总氮指标在各样地间均存在显著性差异;各样地每层土壤的RI及SQI排序相同,棉田及果园利用方式对0～20 cm的土壤质量有明显促进作用;但随着土壤深度增加,自然覆被骆驼刺样地土壤质量逐渐高于其余样地;而对自然植被进行替代的沙拐枣林地,其各层土壤指标及土壤质量均处于最低水平,表层土壤PSD分形维数分析也表明沙拐枣林地保持土壤细粒成分能力最差.

Changes and Analysis of Soil Quality Under Different Land Use Types in Oasis Rim

The aggravation process of oasisization leads to changes of land use type in oasis rim. In order to discuss the effects of different land use types on soil properties and soil quality, the four land use types located Cele oasis rim in south margin of Tarim Basin, which are the cotton field, orchard, and Caligonum mongolicum Turcz land use type reclaimed by people and nature state land use type covered by Alhagi sparsifolia SHAP, were selected as study object. The relative soil quality index (RI) and the soil quality synthesis index (SQI) were used to analyse the changes of soil quality between four land use types within 0-20 cm, 2040 cm, 40-60 cm soil depth, respectively. Meantime, the fractal theory was used to analyse the particle-size distribution (PSD) property of top soil under different land use types. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in the soil organic matter and total nitrogen in same soil depth between four land use types; the order ranked according to RI was same to the order ranked according to SQI in each soil depth between four land use types. The cotton field and orchard have an obviously positive effect on soil quality of the top soil, however, the soil quality of Alhagi sparsifolia SHAP land use type was gradually increasing along with the increasing soil depth. The soil properties and soil quality of Caligonum mongolicum Turcz land use type were at the lowest level according to the comparison results among all land use types, and the calculation results of PSD fractal dimension also indicated the Caligonum mongolicum Turcz land use type had the worst ability on maintaining soil fine fractions.