不同环境条件对铝合金线缆组件电气性能的影响研究

目的 对比分析3种试验环境对2种不同型号铝合金线缆组件直流电阻与电压降的影响。方法 首先，以2种不同型号航空用铝合金导线(各包含3种不同线径)组成的铝合金线缆组件为试验对象，开展潮湿、盐雾、振动3种环境试验；其次，利用宏观与微观形貌观察、直流电阻测试方法与电压降测试方法，得到环境试验前后线缆组件的电气性能数据；最后，采用均值处理等方法，对试验数据进行整理，对比分析3种环境条件下铝合金线缆组件的直流电阻、电压降的变化规律。结果 铝合金线缆组件经潮湿与盐雾试验后，锡镀层无明显起泡、起皱和脱落；潮湿试验后，所有线缆组件直流电阻值均有所增加，且随着线径增加，直流电阻值的增加速率降低；盐雾试验后，几乎所有线缆组件的直流电阻与电压降都降低；振动试验后，所有线缆组件的直流电阻值均有所增加，然而增加值不超过3.2%，且振动试验后几乎所有线缆组件的电压降都降低。结论 铝合金线缆组件的端子镀层对潮湿与盐雾环境有一定的防护作用，有效避免了腐蚀膜层等的形成，降低了环境对铝合金线缆组件电气性能的影响。相比电压降，线缆组件的直流电阻对环境条件更为敏感。盐雾环境对铝合金线缆组件的电气性能尤其是直流电阻的影响较大，然而，由于端子镀层的防护，变化值小于10%。

Effect of Different Environmental Conditions on Electrical Performance of Aluminum Alloy Cable Components

The work aims to compare and study the effect of three environmental conditions on the direct current (DC) resistance and voltage drop of two types of aluminum alloy components. With aluminum alloy components of aluminum alloy wires (of three types of diameter) for aviation of two different brands as objects, environmental tests (moisture, salt spray and vibration tests) were carried out. First, the values of DC resistance and voltage drop were measured before and after the aforementioned environmental tests, using macroscopic and microscopic morphology observation, DC resistance and voltage drop test method. Second, the experimental results were processed systematically. At last, the test data were processed and the electircal performance of aluminum alloy cable components under different environments conditions were compared and analyzed insightfully according to the processing results. The experimental results indicated that after undergoing the moisture and salt spray tests, the tin plating of the aluminum alloy cable components demonstrated no significant blistering, wrinkling, or delamination; After the moisture test, the value of DC resistance of all cable components increased with the increase of wire diameters, and its increasing rate decreased; After the salt spray test, the values of DC resistance and voltage drop of almost all cable components were reduced; After the vibration test, the values of DC resistance of all cable components increased, and the increase values were less than 3.2%. In addition, the values of voltage drop of almost all cable components decreased. Terminal coating of aluminum alloy cable components has a certain protection against moisture and salt spray environment, and effectively avoids the formation of corrosion film, which reduces the impact of environment on the electrical performance of aluminum alloy cable components. DC resistance of aluminum alloy cable components is more sensitive to environmental tests than voltage drop. The effects of salt spray on the electrical performance of aluminum alloy cable components are more serious than that of moisture and vibration. However, due to the protection of the terminal coating, the variation value is less than 10%.