Characteristics of bird communities on surface mine lands in Pennsylvania |
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| Authors: | Fred J Brenner Jeffrey Kelly |
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| Institution: | (1) Biology Department, Grove City College, 16127 Grove City, Pennsylvania |
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| Abstract: | A variety of species was observed as either visitors, permanent, or summer residents on surface mines with different ecological adaptations. Passerine species were the most prevalent of the 25 families represented. Bird communities as well as individual species were correlated with the structure and species of vegetation on the mines. The composition of the bird communities changed in response to successional vegetation stages from grassland to forest communities. |
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| Keywords: | Surface mines Vegetative structure Bird communities Natural succession |
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