人工纳米材料生物效应研究进展

人工纳米材料(MNMs)由于其所具有的独特性质能满足当前工业发展的多样化需求,近年来获得迅速的发展.目前,越来越多的MNMs已被投放市场,给人们生活带来巨大的变化和进步.但是有关MNMs是否对环境和健康产生不利影响的问题,同样引起了人们广泛的关注.通过总结近年来的相关研究资料,一方面探讨了生物对MNMs的暴露途径;另一方面,从MNMs对动物细胞、肺组织和脑组织的毒性效应,MNMs在生物体内的转移、积累以及皮肤对MNMs的吸收等角度,对MNMs的生物效应进行综述.同时,发现MNMs本身独特的物理化学性质和MNMs的表面修饰是影响MNMs生物效应的重要因素.此外,借鉴超细颗粒的研究结果探讨了MNMs生物效应可能的作用机制.最后展望了纳米毒理学的发展.

Review on biological effects of manufactured nano-materials

The present paper aims to introduce the authors' study on the biological effects of the manufactured nano-materials on the people's life, both positive and negative. As we know, since manufactured nano-materials (MNMs) can meet diversified needs of human beings for their exclusive properties, they have been developed very fast in recent years. At present, more and more MNMs have been brought into market and given strong impact on the improvement of people's living standards. At the same time, a new problem has turned to be the focus of people's attention, that is, whether such materials may bring about harms to the Environment and people's health. As a matter of fact, some research information and data have been gained in resent years aiming to analyze the MNMs' exposures as well as their biological effects, including their toxic effect on human cells, lungs and brains. The present paper has summarized and analyzed all the above effects, in addition to their influence on their biogenetic mutatuon and bioaccumulation, along with their absorption through skin. At the same time, the physical and chemical characteristics of such materials and theirs surface modification are also analyzed as significant factors that are likely to bring about some biological effect. In addition, potential toxicological mechanism of nano-materials is also probed into by consulting the research results on Ultrafine Particles. And, finally, the vista of nanotoxicology is provided here in the paper.