处理含油地表水体的潜流湿地填料筛选及其性能评价

采用包括填料表面微观特征、元素构成、吸附性能、微生物附着生长性、经济性等因素的填料性能评价方法,对处理含油地表水的潜流湿地填料进行评价与筛选.静态吸附试验表明,各种填料对磷的吸附能力为炉渣＞陶粒＞沸石＞砾石＞砖块＞卵石,对石油类的吸附能力为炉渣＞陶粒＞砖块＞沸石＞砾石＞卵石;动态吸附试验表明,各种填料床对石油类的去除效果为炉渣床＞砾石床＞湖泊底泥床;放置在污染水体中的填料表面微生物总数和烃降解菌数量为砖块＞沸石＞砾石,陶粒和炉渣＞卵石.根据上述评价结果,选择总体性能较好的砾石、炉渣、砖块和沸石作为潜流湿地现场试验系统的填料.

Selection and performance estimation of media for subsurface constructed wetlands to treat oil-contaminated surface water

Different media were selected and tested in a subsurface constructed wetland used to treat oil polluted water and a performance estimation system was established considering a series of factors such as the microscopic characteristics of the material, the elemental composition, sorption, biomass of media and cost. The results of static adsorption tests showed that slag had the best ability to Abs orb P and oil. The sequence of phosphorus sorption ability from highest to lowest was slag > ceramisite > zeolite > gravel >brick > scree. And the sequence for oil sorption was slag > ceramisite > brick > zeolite > gravel > scree. A dynamic pilot system was built to estimate oil-pollutant removal efficiencies using three kinds of media (slag, gravel and lake bottom sediment) and the slag bed behaved best. From tests on all the media, the greatest number of microorganisms and oil-degrading bacteria were found on the surface of brick, thus it was suitable for biodegradation. According to the performance estimates, gravel, slag, brick and zeolite are appropriate choices for constructing subsurface constructed wetlands.