Adaptation to climate change in the transport sector: a review of actions and actors |
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Authors: | Klaus Eisenack Rebecca Stecker Diana Reckien Esther Hoffmann |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Economics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany;(2) Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14412 Potsdam, Germany;(3) Institute for Ecological Economy Research, 10785 Berlin, Germany |
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Abstract: | This paper identifies the literature that deals with adaptation to climate change in the transport sector. It presents a systematic
review of the adaptations suggested in the literature. Although it is frequently claimed that this socially and economically
important sector is particularly vulnerable to climate change, there is comparatively little research into its adaptation.
The 63 sources we found are analysed following an action framework of adaptation. This distinguishes different adaptational
functions and means of adaptation. By an open coding procedure, a total of 245 adaptations are found and classified. The paper
shows a broad diversity of interdependent actors to be relevant—ranging from transportation providers to public and private
actors and households. Crucial actors are hybrid in terms of being public or private. A substantial share of the identified
adaptations follows a top-down adaptation policy pattern where a public or hybrid operator initiates action that affects private
actors. Most of the exceptions from this pattern are technical or engineering measures. Identified adaptations mostly require
institutional means, followed by technical means, and knowledge. Generally, knowledge on adapting transport to climate change
is still in a stage of infancy. The existing literature either focuses on overly general adaptations, or on detailed technical
measures. Further research is needed on the actual implementation of adaptation, and on more precise institutional instruments
that fill the gap between too vague and too site-specific adaptations. |
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