煤层气区域开发环境影响和管理研究

煤层气开发激励政策和规划的实施，使其区域化和商业化开发将逐步展开。煤层气区域开发有别于常规天然气，主要表现为井网密度大、疏水降压排采和加压集输。大量煤层排水可能污染地表水、降低地下水位、影响水生态、土壤侵蚀等；井网密度大意味着要建设更多的井场、道路、管线、集气压缩站等，则单位面积地表扰动大，导致景观生态破碎化和生态退化等；煤层气压缩机增压集输、其它油气田重型机械、增加的交通流量影响区域声环境质量；压缩机燃气废气、煤层气放空、扬尘对区域大气环境质量产生影响。针对煤层气开发环境问题的特殊性，提出煤层气开发应以水平井为主减少地表扰动。我国水资源极度缺乏，对煤层排水应合理处置，淡水应考虑综合利用，高矿化度水应考虑回注地下。

Study on Environmental Impact and Management of Coal Bed Methane Development

With the implement of incentive policies and plans in coal bed methane(CBM) development,the widespread commercial exploitation of CBM will be conducted.The potential environmental issues,which are different from natural gas,are as follows:(1) to produce CBM,the water pressure must be reduced,because large volumes of produced water may cause surface water contamination,groundwater withdrawal,water ecology change,soil erosion and so on;(2) more wells per area will be drilled for commercial exploitation than the conventional oil and gas resources,additionally,more pipelines,roads,drilling sites,power lines,compressor stations will be constructed,which means more surface disturbance,and may make fragment of agricultural land and ecological deterioration;(3) compressors,other oilfield heavy equipments and increased traffic will produce noise pollution;(4) air pollution from compressor exhaust gases,methane leakage,and dust are also generated in CBM production.China is a country with such a dramatic lack of water,the freshwater should be reused,the drainage from coal bed should be reasonable disposed and the water with high salinity should be reinjected.From the environmental viewpoint,the CBM production should use horizontal wells to reduce surface disturbance.