A general criterion to define runaway limits in chemical reactors |
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| Institution: | 1. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy;2. Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Químic de Sarriá—URL, Barcelona, Spain;3. Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ed Ingegneria dei Materiali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy;4. Institut für Systemdynamik und Regelungstechnik, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany;5. Engineering Department, Carlo Cattaneo University, Quantitative Methods Group, Castellanza, Italy;1. Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 20133 Milano, Italy;2. Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Via G.B. Vico, 46 20100 Varese, Italy;1. Normandie Université LSPC-Laboratoire de Sécurité des Procédés Chimiques (LSPC), EA4704, INSA/Université Rouen, 685 Avenue de l’université, BP 08, 76801 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, France;2. Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland;1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China;2. School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China;1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control, College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China;2. University Paris-Est, Laboratoire Modelisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, MSME, UMR 8208 CNRS, 5 bd Descartes – Bat. Lavoisier, 77454, Marne-la-Vallee, Cedex 2, France |
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| Abstract: | A general runaway criterion valid for single as well as for multiple reaction types, i.e. consecutive, parallel, equilibrium, and mixed kinetics reactions, and for several types of reactors, i.e. batch reactor (BR), semibatch reactor (SBR) and continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) has been developed. Furthermore, different types of operating conditions, i.e. isoperibolic and isothermal (control system), have been analysed. The criterion says that we are in a runaway situation when the divergence of the system becomes positive (div>0) on a segment of the reaction path. The results show that this is a general runaway criterion than can be used to calculate the runaway limits for chemical reactors. The runaway limits have been compared with previous criteria. A considerable advantage, over existing criteria, is that it can be calculated on-line using only temperature measurements and, hence, it constitutes the core of an early warning runaway detection system we are developing. |
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