Environmental management in the Brazilian non-metallic small-scale mining sector |
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| Institution: | 1. National Association for Sheep and Goat, Department of Genetics, Res. Maryem, App. B10 Av. Hassan II, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco;2. Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 6202, Rabat 10101, Morocco;3. Department of Animal and Pastoral Productions, National School of Agriculture in Meknes, P.O. Box S/40 50000, Meknes, Morocco;4. Department of Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 6202, Rabat 10101, Morocco;1. U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA;2. Department of Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China;2. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G2P5;1. Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Besiktas, 34349, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Barbaros Hayrettin Naval Architecture and Maritime Faculty, Iskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun, 31200, Hatay, Turkey;1. Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States;2. Harvard Medical School – VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States;3. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;4. Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;5. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States;6. MedImmune Limited, Cambridge, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Non-metallic mineral resources, albeit very important to meet the needs of the Brazilian population and for exportation, are ill-favored by governments and ignored by the public. Most of this mining is performed by small-scale companies and informal operations that cause extensive and widespread environmental damages. In addition to examining the current state of the industry and its environmental impacts, this paper outlines a series of initiatives for improving (environmental) performance. The suggestions made include improved coordination among public entities responsible for the control of the mining sector; the undertaking of environmental management and reclamation initiatives; research and diffusion of mining and environmental technology; the development and implementation of appropriate licensing procedures for small-scale mines; and the reviewing of environmental impact evaluation and enforcement procedures, and improved regional planning. It is concluded, however, that the proposals will only become a reality if the necessary political actions are taken, and are supported by adequate financing and technical assistance. |
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