太湖表层沉积物中PPCPs的时空分布特征及潜在风险

使用HPLC-MS/MS技术,对太湖周边15个河流入库口和6个水源地沉积物中9种药物及个人护理品(PPCPs)进行检测,其几何均值范围分别为1.60~129 ng·g-1和1.36~22.0 ng·g-1,其中咖啡因的含量占15个河流入库口沉积物中9种PPCPs总含量的52%,为河流入库口沉积物中PPCPs的优势污染物,林可霉素、甲氧苄啶、阿奇霉素、磺胺甲恶唑、泰乐菌素等5种抗生素的含量占6个水源地沉积物中9种PPCPs总含量的79%,为6个水源地沉积物中PPCPs的优势污染物.从空间分布来看,太湖西偏北部分的竺山湾和宜兴东部湖区附近沉积物中的PPCPs含量较高;从PPCPs的组成来看,各采样点PPCPs有不同的来源,总的来说有市政污水排放、畜牧养殖业污水排放和水产养殖业用药直接施用于太湖水体等3个来源.15个河流入库口沉积物中人类使用药物对太湖沉积物中PPCPs含量的贡献较大,6个水源地沉积物中兽用及水产养殖业中使用的药物对太湖沉积物中PPCPs含量的贡献较大.本研究检测出太湖周边河流入库口中有较高含量的PPCPs,说明周边区域有污染源持续向太湖输入;应用风险商值(RQ)模型评价太湖表层沉积物中PPCPs残留对沉积物生态环境的影响,河流入库口与水源地对乙酰氨基酚、阿奇霉素和磺胺甲恶唑的RQ大于1,对沉积物生态环境具有高风险;卡马西平的RQ值介于0.1~1之间,对沉积物生态环境具有中风险;其他几种PPCPs化合物RQ值介于0.01~0.1之间,对底栖生态环境具有低风险.

Spatial, Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Potential Risk of PPCPs in Surface Sediments from Taihu Lake

Fourteen sediment samples from 15 river estuaries and six sediments from 6 drinking water resource were collected from Taihu Lake. Nine pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs) in the sediments samples were measured by using the HPLC-MS/MS technique. The ranges of geometric mean values were 1.60-129 ng·g^-1 and 1.36-22.0 ng·g^-1, respectively. Caffeine was the dominant pollutant in fourteen sediments near the river estuary, the content of which covered 52% of amounts of 9 PPCPs. Lincomycin, trimethoprime, azithromycin, sulfamethoxazole and tylosin were the dominant pollutants in six sediments near the drinking water resource, the contents of which covered 79% of amounts 9 PPCPs. From the point of spatial distribution, the results of PPCPs in Zhushan bay and East of Yixing in the northwest and west of Taihu Lake showed higher concentration than those in other sample sites. From the composition, the origin of PPCPs was different. Municipal sewage, stock farming and aquaculture were the main sources of PPCPs in Taihu Lake. Pharmaceuticals of human use showed the dominant pollution in fourteen sediments near the river estuary and drugs of veterinary use showed the dominant pollution in six sediments near the water resource. The concentrations of PPCPs in fourteen sediments of river mouth showed high level. It suggested that PPCPs pollutants were discharged to Taihu Lake continuously. Further risk assessment results showed that the overall risk was not high except for some PPCPs compounds. The RQ exceeded 1 for acetaminophen, azithromycin and sulfamethoxazole in the surface sediments of 15 river estuaries and 6 water resources, which showed high risk. The RQ was between 0.01 to 0.1 for carbazepine in the surface sediments of 15 river estuaries and 6 water resources, which showed medium risk. The RQ was below 0.01 for caffeine, lincomycin, trimethoprim, diltiazem and tylosin in the sediments of 15 river estuaries and 6 water resources, which showed low risk.