于桥水库水源地水体沉积物重金属空间分异与景观格局的关系

以于桥水库上游河流33个子流域采样点的重金属的监测数据为基础,分析了河流水体沉积物中Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn等重金属的含量及空间分异特征,探讨了重金属与子流域土地利用类型等景观格局的关系,解析了重金属的来源.结果表明,于桥水库上游三条河流水体悬浮颗粒物中Cd、As、Cu、Cr的平均含量高于土壤环境质量一级标准,存在一定的生态风险.表层沉积物中Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn的平均含量分别为0.32、30.39、33.49、58.20、90.16和94.80 mg·kg-1,Cd、As、Cu的平均含量和部分样品中Pb、Cr、Zn的含量超过土壤环境质量一级标准.三条河流表层沉积物中Cd、Cr、Zn的平均含量是淋河沙河黎河,Cu的平均含量是淋河沙河黎河,As、Pb的平均含量是沙河淋河黎河.于桥水库流域内土地利用类型对河流表层沉积物重金属的分布产生一定影响,主要表现为林地和灌草地的分布决定了河流沉积物中重金属的自然分布趋势,园地和工矿用地对Cd、As、Pb、Cr等的分布产生影响,村镇居民用地和耕地对河流沉积物中重金属的总体分布未产生负面影响.

Relationship Between Landscape Pattern and Spatial Variation of Heavy Metals in Aquatic Sediments in Headwaters Area of Yuqiao Reservoir

Yuqiao Reservoir, an important adjusting reservoir in the project of diverting water from the Luanhe River to Tianjin City, is an important water resource for Tianjin City. Concentrations and spatial variation characteristics of Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Zn from 33 sub watershed sampling sites of Yuqiao reservoir and the relationship to landscape pattern were discussed. The result showed that average concentrations of Cd, As, Cu, Cr in suspended particulate matter were higher than Chinese environmental quality standard Grade one for soils, and there were ecological risks for them because they could arrive at Yuqiao reservoir. The average concentrations of Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Zn in surface sediments were 0.32 mg·kg^-1, 30.39 mg·kg^-1, 33.49 mg·kg^-1, 58.20 mg·kg^-1, 90.16 mg·kg^-1 and 94.80 mg·kg^-1 respectively. The average concentrations of Cd, As, Cu and the concentrations of Pb, Cr, Zn in partial samples exceeded Chinese environmental quality standard Grade one for soils. The average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Zn in surface sediments of three tributaries increased in the order of Linhe River >Shahe River >Lihe Rier, Cu decreased in the order of Linhe River< Shahe River< Lihe River, and As, Pb increased in the order of Shahe River >Linhe River >Lihe Ricer. Land use types in Yuqiao reservoir basin had some impact on the distribution of heavy metal concentrations in river surface sediments. Woodland and shrub grass land determined the natural distribution trend of heavy metals in surface sediments. Gardenland and industrial & mining land usage had impact on Cd, As, Pb, Cr distributions. Farmland and village & town land usage did not produce negative influence on heavy metal distribution.