基于遥感影像的江西省水体资源和水产养殖结构空间异质性分析

为系统掌握江西省水体资源结构和水产养殖基本特征,论文通过遥感技术获取了2012年各县域的水体面积,并划分为不同的水体类型。通过全局和局域空间自相关,分析了89个县（市）水产养殖典型要素的空间异质性以及空间差异程度。针对空间关联及非均质性的现象,运用地理加权回归揭示了水体资源大小、养殖方式、平均单产水平和渔业专业养殖人员数量对养殖产量的影响程度。结果表明：江西省水体资源类型以大水面为主,占总面积的70%,其次为水库山塘,占21.26%,小型池塘面积占9%。水资源结构地区差异明显,北部区域以大水面为主,南部以山塘水库为主。养殖产量和面积表现出空间集聚分布特征（P<0.01）,但各县域的聚集性分布也表现出不同的模式,彭泽县、都昌县、鄱阳县、南昌市辖区、南昌县、丰城市、进贤县和余干县8个县域,均为高-高分布类型,养殖面积和产量分别占到总量的34.55%、35.42%。从养殖品种结构上,特种养殖产量主要集中在上饶市、九江市、南昌市和宜春市,占69.84%,但特种养殖产量所占比例与水体资源大小的相关性下降,水资源较少的东部山区丘陵地带依据区位特征发展鳖、蛙产业,特种养殖比例较高。从水产养殖驱动力分析,水体面积对养殖产量的影响程度最大（中位值为0.46）,其次是小型池塘面积（中位值为0.36）、专业养殖人口数量（中位值为0.26）,3个因素与养殖产量均为正相关,其中水体面积和小型池塘面积对养殖产量的影响程度从南向北递减,专业养殖人口对养殖产量的影响程度从南向北递增。影响程度的空间异质性变化可能与养殖方式和品种结构有关。平均单产水平对养殖产量的贡献较弱（中位值为 -0.003）,各地区影响强度差别不明显。分析结果有助于系统了解江西省水体资源分布和养殖结构,对优化产业规划布局有重要的指导意义。

Spatial Heterogeneity of Water Resource and Aquaculture Structure in Jiangxi Province Based on Remote Sensing Image

In order to understand the water resource types and aquaculture structure in Jiangxi Province, the area of water resource at county level was obtained with remote sensing images in 2012 and was divided into different water body types. The spatial heterogeneity and spatial variability of typical elements in relation to aquaculture in 89 counties were analyzed based on global and local spatial autocorrelation. Considering the phenomenon of spatial correlation and heterogeneity, we explored the influence of water resource area, aquaculture type, yield per unit and the number of professional fishery population on the production of aquaculture by using geographically weighted regression. The results showed that the water resource is dominated by large water body, accounting for 70% of the total area, followed by ponds and reservoirs, accounting for 21.26%, and small pond area accounted for about 9%. Obvious regional difference of water resource was observed that there was mainly large water bodies in the north region and mainly ponds and reservoirs in the south region. The production and area of aquaculture showed spatial clusters (P<0.01), but with different patterns. It was high-high distribution in Pengze County, Duchang County, Poyang County, Nanchang District, Nanchang County, Fengcheng City, Jinxian County and Yugan County, with significance at the level of 0.01 by Moran analysis, and the area and production in these areas accounted for 34.55% and 35.42%, respectively. According to the aquaculture species, the production of special aquaculture was mainly in Shangrao, Jiujiang, Nanchang and Yichun, whose production accounted for 69.84% of the special aquaculture production, however, the correlation between the proportion of special aquaculture production and water area was low. Turtle and frog industries dominated in the eastern mountain hilly land, therefore, the proportion of special aquaculture was high in Zixi, Nanfeng and Shicheng where there are less water resources. From the driving force of aquaculture, water area had the most important impact on aquaculture production (0.46 at the median level), followed by small pond area (0.36 at the median level), professional aquaculture population (0.26 at the median level), who all were positively correlated with aquaculture production. The impacts of water area and small pond area on aquaculture production declined from south to north, but the impact of professional aquaculture population on aquaculture production increased from south to north. The spatial heterogeneity of the influence degree may be related to aquaculture type and species structure. The influence of average yield per unit area was weak (-0.003 at the median level), and there was little difference among regions. The results of this study contribute to understanding the water resources distribution and aquaculture structure in Jianxi Province, and provide foundational data for the scientific layout of aquaculture.